Potential benefits of social media in educating healthcare professionals and students on medical imaging with ionizing radiation: A scoping review
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Health Professionals
Radiation Therapist
Non-ionizing radiation
We encounter radiation in our daily life. Emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles is known as radiation. There are two types of radiation – ionizing and non-ionizing. The types and interactions of non-ionizing radiation with a medium, materials, or body tissue are discussed in this chapter. Non-ionizing radiation has less energy than ionizing radiation; it does not possess enough energy to produce ions or ionize body tissues and cells. Non-ionizing radiation includes Static fields, ultrasound, and a part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Sunlight, mobile phones, the earth’s magnetic field and electrical appliances are some of the common sources of nonionizing radiation. Although these radiations have low energy, they have many useful applications, especially in medicine. Non-ionizing radiations originate from various natural and manmade sources. It has always been present and is all around us. These radiations cannot destroy human tissues by ionizing body atoms, instead, they can destroy body cells by excitations, heating, vibration, phonons generation, and chemical changes because of the relatively low energy of the particles of nonionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation has many beneficial applications, including uses in agriculture, medicine, industry, and research. As the use of nonionizing radiation increases, so does the potential for health hazards. In this chapter, we will look at non-ionizing radiation, the way it interacts with matter, and some of the potential biological health effects produced by various types of non-ionizing radiation.
Non-ionizing radiation
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The application of a mathematical model of synergism in describing the consecutive combined actions of ionizing radiation and other physical agents has been considered. Using various cell systems it has been shown that the model permits to predict the highest dose modifying factor and conditions in which it can be achieved.
Non-ionizing radiation
Radiosensitivity
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电磁辐射根据量子能量的大小可分为电离辐射(ionizing radiation)和非电离辐射(non-ionizing radiation)两大类.非电离辐射是指量子能量小于12 eV的不足以引起生物体产生电离作用的电磁辐射.紫外线和量子能量低于紫外线的所有电磁辐射都属于非电离辐射,它们广泛地存在于人类的生活和职业环境之中.随着电力、通讯与工农业的快速发展,以及家用电器设施的普及,由此产生的非电离辐射无论在功率强度及频谱范围方面都不断增强和扩大,已成为一种新的环境污染源,影响人类的身体健康.国际癌症研究机构(IARC)把极低频磁场列为人类可疑的致癌物.因此,揭示电磁辐射(场)生物效应及其机制迫在眉睫.外界刺激因子作用于机体并产生生物学效应的过程,实质上是生物体对外界信号的接受、加工、传递及产生反应的一个过程,即信号转导过程.近年来,对电磁辐射生物效应信号转导相关机制的研究发展较为迅速,已成为探索电磁辐射作用机制的重要手段.其中,蛋白激酶C (protein kinase C,PKC)由于其在生命过程中所具有的特殊作用而受到重视,因此,我们就PKC在非电离辐射生物效应机制中的作用进行综述。
Non-ionizing radiation
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of non-ionizing radiation and its effect on female reproductive health, particularly in India. The issue of non-ionizing radiation is especially relevant in India, a rapidly modernizing nation, as its society adapts to advancements in technology and infrastructure development. Of particular interest to us are the biological effects of non-ionizing radiation on women of reproductive age. Consequently, we aim to determine whether women perceive non-ionizing radiation in their environment or living spaces, and ascertain whether any complaints related to the reproductive system are more frequent when the respondents believe non-ionizing radiation is present, in addition to discussing possible mechanisms and outcomes from previously conducted research. Despite a general lack of awareness about non-ionizing radiation in India and its potential impact, it is anticipated that women are exposed to this type of radiation, either through close contact with emitting devices or relay towers installed near residential areas. We also expect that some symptoms related to the reproductive system, as reported by women, will become more prevalent when nonionizing radiation is present
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An Introduction to Non-Ionizing Radiation provides a comprehensive understanding of non-ionizing radiation (NIR), exploring its uses and potential risks. The information is presented in a simple and concise way to facilitate easy understanding of relevant concepts and applications. Chapters provide a summary and include relevant equations that explain NIR physics. Other features of the book include colorful illustrations and detailed reference lists. With a focus on safety and protection, the book also explains how to mitigate the adverse effects of non-ionizing radiation with the help of ANSI guidelines and regulations. An Introduction to Non-Ionizing Radiation comprises twelve chapters, each explaining various aspects of non-ionizing radiation, including: Fundamental concepts of non-ionizing radiation including types and sources Interaction with matter Electromagnetic fields The electromagnetic wave spectrum (UV, visible light, IR waves, microwaves and radio waves) Lasers Acoustic waves and ultrasound Regulations for non-ionizing radiation. Risk management of non-ionizing radiation The book is intended as a primer on non-ionizing radiation for a broad range of scholars and professionals in physics, engineering and clinical medicine.
Non-ionizing radiation
Electromagnetic spectrum
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This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of non-ionizing radiation such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: X-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, radiofrequency.
There are numerous biological issues in the case of tissues, the ionizing radiation (ionizing particles and electromagnetic radiation: X-rays, gamma rays and high energy ultraviolet) can cause damage mainly in the DNA. This can cause mutations in its genetic code and cancer3. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protections against both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
Non-ionizing radiation
Erythema
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Abstract This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of nonionizing radiation, such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed here. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: x-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, and radiofrequency. Ionizing radiation, including x-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy ultraviolet rays, can cause significant biological damage to tissues, primarily targeting DNA. This damage can result in mutations within the genetic code and may lead to the development of cancer. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema, and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema, and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low-energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, and electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and nonionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protection measures against both ionizing and nonionizing radiation.
Non-ionizing radiation
Erythema
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The biological effects of radiation is one of the current interests studies of biologists, doctors and most laboratories of health care. Several papers have analyzed the effects of ionizing radiations or for non-ionizing radiations that we may attend in all domains. In fact we are exposure to many sources of both types. Therefore the analyze their effect depends on the absorbed dose rate of the radiation on human body. it is measured by the energy absorbed according to the ionizing radiation and the electric field to the non-ionizing ones. The waves of all radiations are as a heat source that penetrates the surface that are converted into thermal energy within the material. Therefore The mathematical models of the absorbed dose by Ionizing or Non Ionizing equation consist in bio heat and thermal equation also in dielectric properties which allow us to describe temperature as function of SAR distributions in the human body exposed to both radiations simultaneously. In this study, the 2-D computational analysis is used to study the distribution of the total specific absorption rate (SAR) according to temperature on human's organ exposed to ionizing radiation and the non ionizing one.
Non-ionizing radiation
Absorbed dose rate
Specific absorption rate
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Non-ionizing radiation
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Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet and visible light, infra-red, microwave and radio frequency radiation. Ultrasound in air or water may also be considered a form of non-ionizing radiation. The principal effect on man is general or localized heating. The detail of tissue damage is very different for the different kinds of radiation. Some special effects of these radiations are described. All forms of non-ionizing radiation are used industrially and also therapeutically. Fortunately man can often perceive at least a part of the power of non-ionizing radiation as the sensation of heat and can sometimes move away before injury occurs.
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