Retinal pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics profile of cannabidiol in an in vivo model of retinal excitotoxicity
Federica ContiFrancesca LazzaraKyriaki ThermosElide ZingaleDimitris SpyridakosGiovanni Luca RomanoSerena Di MartinoVincenzo MicaleMartin KuchařAngelo SpadaroRosario PignatelloSettimio RossiMichele D’AmicoChiara Bianca Maria PlataniaFilippo DragoClaudio Bucolo
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Excitotoxicity
Pharmacodynamics
Animal studies and preliminary clinical trials have shown that cannabidiol-enriched extracts may have beneficial effects for children with treatment-resistant epilepsy. However, these compounds are not yet registered as medicines by regulatory agencies. We describe the cases of two children with treatment-resistant epilepsy (Case A with left frontal dysplasia and Case B with Dravet Syndrome) with initial symptom improvement after the introduction of CBD extracts followed by seizure worsening after a short time. The children presented typical signs of intoxication by ∆9-THC (inappropriate laughter, ataxia, reduced attention, and eye redness) after using a cannabidiol-enriched extract. The extract was replaced by the same dose of purified cannabidiol with no ∆9-THC in both cases, which led to improvement in intoxication signs and seizure remission. These cases support pre-clinical and preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that cannabidiol may be effective for some patients with epilepsy. Moreover, the cases highlight the need for randomized clinical trials using high-quality and reliable substances to ascertain the safety and efficacy of cannabinoids as medicines.
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Along with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main pharmacological components of Cannabis sativa and indica. Unlike THC, which binds CB1 receptors, CBD does not cause any d...
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Cannabis saliva L. strains can be divided into a number of groups according to their content of the psychotropic phytoCannabinoid delta-9-TetrahydroCannabinol (THC) and of the non-psychotropic Cannabinoid Cannabidiol (CBD). Although the main focus has been on THC in the past, there is growing interest on strains rich in CBD.
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Objective:This study was designed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of high dose epirubicin in cancer patients Methods:Eleven cancer patients were administered a dose of 100 mg/m 2 epirubicin The concentration of epirubicin in the blood were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)assay The modelling data were performed with a compartment pharmacokinetic modelling program (PCNONLIN) Hematological toxicity was used as the pharmacodynamic index The relationships between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and other factors affecting dose modulation were assessed Results: The pharmacokinetics of high dose epirubicin was best described by a typical three compartment model It showed wide interindividual variation There was no correlation between its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Age was negatively correlated with epirubicin clearance Conclusions: There was no difference for the pharmacokinetic parameters between high dose and low dose Total clearance appears to be decreased with age and indicating that it is necessiary to reduce dose for the elderly patients Tolerance of the patients receiving a dose of 100 mg/m 2 epirubicin was good
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Lately, many products with the active ingredient cannabidiol (CBD) have been sold around the world. Cannabidiol is an annual herb of the cannabis plant that is known to have no euphoric effects. Another type of terpenophenolic compound known as cannabinoids is also preserved in the structure of the cannabis plant. Products containing CBD are offered on the market as drugs, food supplements or dietary supplements. The US Food and Drug Administration FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved the oral solution of Epidiolex (cannabidiol) [CBD] for the treatment of epilepsy in patients aged two years and over. The legal assessment of commercial products containing cannabidiol (CBD) depends on the composition of the drugs available in pharmacies. Depending on whether the drugs also contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in their structure in addition to CBD, criminal narcotics convictions are also decisive. In our study, some parameters related to the chemical structure of the cannabidiol (CBD) molecule were calculated using the Gaussian 09W program and the GaussView 5.0 interface program.
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