Prevalence of suicidal ideation and associated factors among perinatal women living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Perinatal women living with HIV face increased susceptibility to mental health challenges, including suicidal ideation (SI). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SI among perinatal women with HIV and identify associated factors. A systematic search was done across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Data analysis was executed using R software. Publication bias was assessed via funnel plot and Egger's test, while heterogeneity was investigated using the I2 statistic. A total of 11 studies involving 4329 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of SI was 23.4% (95% CI: 16.3–32.4). Subgroup analysis showed higher prevalence in postnatal women (36.4%) than antenatal women (27.8%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Studies employing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale reported a higher prevalence (38.9%). Studies published between 2013–2017 showed a higher prevalence (37.6%) compared to those published between 2018–2022 (18.2%). Factors associated with SI included depression during pregnancy or postpartum, unplanned pregnancy, intimate partner violence, undisclosed HIV status, lack of social support, and recent diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections other than HIV. The high prevalence of SI emphasizes the need for mental health screening and interventions. Mental health assessments should be integrated into routine antenatal and postnatal care.Keywords:
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Objective Vasovagal reaction (VVR) is an adverse reaction to blood donation. Applied muscle tension (AMT) has been reported to reduce the probability of VVR during blood donation; however, the results have been controversial. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the effect of AMT in reducing VVR. Methods We searched six major databases using “applied muscle tension” and “blood donation-related vasovagal response” as keywords. Relevant articles published in English or Chinese between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2021 were included in the analysis. The quality of the included articles was evaluated and publication bias was assessed by forest and funnel plots and by Egger's test. Results Fifty-one articles were identified, of which six were included according to the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A fixed-effects model was adopted for effect size combination and revealed a relative risk of 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.67). The AMT group was superior to the control in terms of VVR prevention. A funnel plot and Egger's test suggested that the findings were accurate and reliable with low publication bias. Conclusion AMT could effectively reduce VVR during blood donation. Further multicenter studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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Numerous studies have explored an effect of cigarette smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes but with dissimilar conclusions.To determine the effect of cigarette smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes.PubMed, Cochrane library and Google scholar databases were searched last on February 27, 2019. We applied the random-effects model for the analysis. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger's regression. Furthermore, we performed Orwin's Fail-Safe N and cumulative meta-analysis to check for small studies' effect.Out of 22 studies we included in the qualitative synthesis, 12 studies reported p-values less than 0.05 where smoking significantly favored poor treatment outcomes. The remaining 10 studies reported p-values larger than 0.05 implying that smoking does not affect the treatment outcomes. Twenty studies met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis found that smoking significantly increased the likelihood of poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes by 51% (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.75 and I-square = 75.1%). In a sub-group analysis, the effect was higher for low- and middle-income countries (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.31 to 2.30) and upper-middle-income economies (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.98) than for high-income ones (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.75) even though the differences in the effects among the strata were not statistically significant as demonstrated by overlapping of confidence intervals of the effects. Meta-regression analysis, adjusted for income economies, found the effect of smoking has not significantly improved over the years (p = 0.92) and thus implying neither of the covariates were source of the heterogeneity. Egger's regression test indicated that publication bias is unlikely (p = 0.403).Cigarette smoking is significantly linked with poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes.
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Association Between Green Tea and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis of 13 Case-control Studies
Experimental studies have suggested green tea to be a chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer, and many studies have examined possible associations. However, the conclusions were inconsistent or even contradictory, so we performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies to explore if green tea is indeed a protective factor.PubMed was searched up to May 10th, 2012 for relevant studies, and references of included studies were manually searched. Finally 13 eligible studies, involving 12,636 cases and 38,419 controls were identified. After data extraction, a meta-analysis was performed using CMA v2 software.The results indicated there may be a weak but not statistically significant reduced risk of colorectal cancer with high dose of green tea intake (OR=0.95, 95% CI:0.81-1.11, p=0.490.69-0.98). This protective effect was also found in all subgroups, except in American and European populations. Sensitivity analysis indicated the result to be robust. Publication bias was not detected by either funnel plot or Egger tests.The results of this meta-analysis indicate a weak lower tendency for colorectal cancer development with green tea consumption, but available epidemiologic data are insufficient to conclude that green tea may protect against colorectal cancer in humans.
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To determine whether alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of periodontitis.Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines.PubMed and Scopus were searched for eligible articles published in English from inception till November 2018. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the risk of periodontitis associated with highest versus lowest/non-alcohol in a random effects meta-analysis model. Heterogeneity and sensitivity were investigated in meta regression analysis. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.Twenty-nine observational studies were included. One study with two separate datasets was considered as two separate studies for analysis. Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with the presence of periodontitis (OR = 1.26, 95% CI= 1.11-1.41). Significant heterogeneity (I2=71%) was present in the overall analysis, primarily attributable to sampling cross-sectional studies (I2=76.6%). A funnel plot and Egger tests (p=0.0001) suggested the presence of publication bias.Alcohol consumption was associated with increased occurrence of periodontitis and should be considered as a parameter in periodontal risk assessment. Publication bias should be explored in future studies.
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Abstract Visfatin levels have been reported to be abnormal in many types of cancers. However, epidemiological studies yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was performed to assess the association between circulating visfatin levels and cancer risk. A systematic search was conducted for relevant studies in health‐related electronic databases up to March 2018. Data related to standard mean difference (SMD) and overall odds ratio (ORS) were collected and analyzed. Summary SMD and pooled OR with 95% CIs were calculated using a random‐effect model. Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test were conducted to examine the risk of publication bias. A total of 27 studies with 2,693 cases and 3,040 healthy controls were included in meta‐analysis for pooling SMD analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis showed a significant higher visfatin levels in patients with various cancers than in controls, with a pooled SMD of 0.88, 95% CI = 0.56–1.20, p = 0.000. In subgroup, metaregression, Galbraith plot, and sensitivity analysis showed no substantial difference among all the analyzed factors. Data from 14 studies were also used for pooling ORs analysis. Metaresults revealed that high visfatin levels were associated with cancer risk (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.14–1.34, p = 0.000). No evidence of publication bias was observed for pooling ORs and SMD analysis. This meta‐analysis indicated a significant association between high circulating visfatin levels and increased risk of various cancers. Visfatin may represent a potential biomarker for early detection of cancers who may benefit from preventive treatment.Note.
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The Value of Visfatin in the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Various studies have shown that visfatin may be connected to metabolic syndrome (MS). However, epidemiological studies yielded conflicting outcomes. The purpose of this article was to highlight the relationship between the plasma visfatin level and MS risk by conducting a meta-analysis of available literature. A comprehensive literature search of eligible studies was done up to January 2023. Data were presented as standard mean difference (SMD). Observational methodological meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between visfatin levels and MS. The visfatin levels between patients with MS or not were calculated by SMD and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Funnel plot (visually inspect publication bias), Egger's linear regression test and Begger's linear regression test were applied to describe the risk of publication bias. A sensitivity analysis was performed via sequentially omitting each of the study one by one. In total, 16 eligible studies comprising 1016 cases and 1414 healthy controls finally enrolled in the current meta-analysis for pooling meta-analysis. Overall, the meta-analysis results revealed that visfatin levels in MS patients were significantly greater than that of controls group (SMD: 0.60, 95% CI=0.18-1.03, I2=95%, p<0.001). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that gender did not affect the results of meta-analysis. This meta-analysis shed light on the fact that circulating visfatin levels were significantly higher in patients with MS than in the controls group. Visfatin may a chance to predict the occurrence of MS.
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The prevalence of gaming disorder is assumed to be between 2%-5%. The treatment effect of different therapeutic interventions of gaming disorder has not been studied extensively. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to identify all intervention studies on gaming disorder with a control group, determine the effect of the interventions, and examine moderators. Studies applying a therapeutic intervention and using an appropriate comparison group were identified by searching electronic databases, previous reviews, and reference lists. Data on type of treatment, name of outcome measurement, symptom level and other study characteristics were extracted and analyzed using meta-analysis and meta-regression. A total of 38 studies and 76 effect sizes, originating from 9524 participants were included. RoB2 and ROBINS-I risk of bias tools were used to assess within-study risk of bias. Correlational hierarchical models with robust variance estimation were fitted to effect size data and yielded a moderate summary estimate. Egger's sandwich test, funnel plot inspections, and other tests were conducted to assess risk of bias between studies. Results indicate that there may be an overall effect of therapeutic interventions for gaming disorder, but confidence in these findings is compromised by small-study effects, possible publication bias, a limited study pool, and a lack of standardization. The field needs more higher quality studies before the evidence-base can support reliable meta-analytic estimates.
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Background The evidence for association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is inconsistent in the literature. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to clarify this association. Methods A literature search was conducted in electronic databases for English- and Chinese-language publications until March 31, 2017 to include eligible case-control studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated to determine the association between EBV infection and OSCC risk using a fixed- or random-effects model based on heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot analysis. Results A total of 13 case-control studies with 686 OSCC patients and 433 controls were included based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled OR with 95% CI between EBV infection and OSCC risk was 5.03 (1.80–14.01) with significant heterogeneity observed (I2 = 87%). The subgroup analysis indicates that the year of publication, study location, economic level, sample size, tissue type, detection method and marker, control type, and language might explain potential sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was not observed, and sensitivity analysis showed stable results. Conclusions The results of the current meta-analysis suggest that EBV infection is statistically associated with increased risk of OSCC. However, additional high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further confirm the relationship between EBV and OSCC.
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