NOVEL SOURCES OF FUNGAL CELLULASES OF THERMOPHILIC / THERMOTOLERANT FOR EFFICIENT DEINKING OF COMPOSITE PAPER WASTE
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The utilization rate of waste newspaper reached 67% by 1993 in Japan.In the recent decade, printing method shifted from letter press to offset printing. Therefore ink-removal property becomes from easy to difficult. With the diversifying of life style, contaminants is increasing and become difficult to remove.This paper describes the current technology for the deinking of waste newspaper above viewpoints.
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Offset printing
Viewpoints
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A mixture of 11 kinds of thermophilic bacilli was cultured on a medium containing municipal sewage sludge and filter paper. Two types of thermophilic cellulases appeared in the culture liquid. Both had an optimum temperature of 60°C. One is a neutral cellulase with an optimum pH of 7.5 and the other is an alkali cellulase with an optimum pH at 10.0. After exposure to pH 12 at 4°C for 24h, the alkali cellulase still retained 90% of its activity. The alkali cellulase activity was stimulated by 1mM Zn2+, but was considerably inhibited by 1mM Cu2+ or 1mM Hg2+. Thus, the alkali cellulase was specified as a new type of thermophilic cellulase having strong alkali tolerance.
Filter paper
Sewage sludge
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Waste paper is important recycled resource for the paper-making industry. A new kind of biotechnology, enzymatic-deinking or biodeinking for the waste paper pulp using some enzymes from different microorganisms, has been utilized in paper making industry. The mechanism, technics, effect factors and development of researches enzymatic-deinking of waste paper were introduced in this paper。
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Waste paper recycling refers to a process of regeneration-ink and other impurities being removed from waste materials and pulp fibers being recycled. The ink is the main impurity for waste paper. Especially, the residual ink influences the quality of deinking pulp and determines its purpose. Therefore, to expand the scope of deinking pulp use, inks must be removed as much as possible, to reduce the residual volume.
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Recycling of waste paper is one of pop topics of pulping and papermaking industry. Deinking technology is the key of recycling of waste paper. It is briefly introduced that methods of waste paper deinking and mechanism of deinking and constitute of deinking agent.
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Papermaking
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Abstract The ability of a large number of higher fungi to form extracellular cellulases is investigated. Some representatives of these fungi grow at 40–50°C, and form extracellular cellulases exceeding cellulases of mesophilic fungi in thermostability. It is shown that cellulases of higher thermophilic fungi differ by their thermostability. The temperature optimum of cellulase action of higher fungi occurs within 60–62°C.
Thermostability
Mesophile
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The difference between waste paper containing mechanical pulp and containing no mechanical pulp was studied through quality analysis of various waste paper materials and the experiments on pulping by waste paper deinking,as well as the difference of waste paper between from domestic and abroad.The results show that waste paper abroad is generally superior to waste paper domestic,except the worse appearance of #8 US waste paper.Waste paper containing no mechanical pulp has good whiteness and strength;the ink content of #8 waste paper is highest,and the ink removal rate of #10 waste paper is highest,and ink residue of the pulp from the waste paper containing no mechanical pulp is lowest;the pulping yield is the highest for #8 waste paper,and lowest for waste coated paper from domestic.The deinked pulp made from #8 waste paper can not be used to produce fine paper because of its inherent low whiteness and high speckiness;and the deinked pulp from #10 waste paper can be mainly composed to produce fine paper with the whiteness of 85% ISO.
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Waste material
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This paper briefly introduces the biological enzyme used fir the deinking of the waste papers and the application of the biological enzyme in the deinking of various waste papers, and looks forward to the developing prospect of this technique.
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