GLIMPSE: An ultra-faint $\simeq$ 10$^{5}$ $M_{\odot}$ Pop III Galaxy
Candidate and First Constraints on the Pop III UV Luminosity Function at
$z\simeq6-7$
Seiji FujimotoRohan P. NaiduJohn D. ChisholmHakim AtekRyan EndsleyVasily KokorevLukas J. FurtakRichard PanBoyuan LiuVolker BrommAlessandra VendittiEli VisbalRichard SarmentoAndrea WeibelPascal A. OeschGabriel BrammerD. SchaererAngela AdamoDanielle A. BergRachel BezansonIryna ChemerynskaAdélaïde ClaeyssensM. Dessauges‐ZavadskyAnna FrebelD. KorberIvo LabbéR. Marques-ChavesJorryt MattheeKristen B. W. McQuinnJulián B. MuñozPriyamvada NatarajanAlberto Saldana-LopezKatherine A. SuessMarta VolonteriAdi Zitrin
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Detecting the first generation of stars, Population III (PopIII), has been a long-standing goal in astrophysics, yet they remain elusive even in the JWST era. Here we present a novel NIRCam-based selection method for PopIII galaxies, and carefully validate it through completeness and contamination simulations. We systematically search ~500 arcmin$^{2}$ across JWST legacy fields for PopIII candidates, including GLIMPSE which, assisted by gravitational lensing, has produced JWST's deepest NIRCam imaging thus far. We discover one promising PopIII galaxy candidate (GLIMPSE-16043) at $z=6.50^{+0.03}_{-0.24}$, a moderately lensed galaxy (mu=2.9) with an intrinsic UV magnitude of $M_{UV}$=-15.89. It exhibits key PopIII features: strong H$\alpha$ emission (rest-frame EW $2810\pm550$\AA); a Balmer jump; no dust (UV slope $\beta=-2.34\pm0.36$); and undetectable metal lines (e.g., [OIII]; [OIII]/H$\beta$<0.44) implying a gas-phase metallicity of Zgas/Zsun<0.5%. These properties indicate the presence of a nascent, metal-deficient young stellar population (<5Myr) with a stellar mass of $\simeq10^{5}M_{\odot}$. Intriguingly, this source deviates significantly from the extrapolated UV-metallicity relation derived from recent JWST observations at $z=4-10$, consistent with UV enhancement by a top-heavy PopIII initial mass function or the presence of an extremely metal-poor AGN. We also derive the first observational constraints on the PopIII UV luminosity function at z~6-7. The volume density of GLIMPSE-16043 ($\approx10^{-4}$ cMpc$^{-3}$) is in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, independently reinforcing its plausibility. This study demonstrates the power of our novel NIRCam method to finally reveal distant galaxies even more pristine than the Milky Way's most metal-poor satellites, thereby promising to bring us closer to the first generation of stars than we have ever been before.We construct and examine the pulsar luminosity function using the new list which includes data for 1328 radio pulsars. In this work, the luminosity function for 1400 MHz is constructed for the rst time. We also present an improved luminosity function for 400 MHz. The luminosity functions at 400 and 1400 MHz are compared. Also, the luminosity functions excluding the binary millisecond pulsars and the pulsars with low magnetic elds are constructed. It is found that the new luminosity function is considerably atter in the low luminosity part for 400 MHz. 1400 HMz luminosity values of radio pulsars together with upper limits of 1400 MHz luminosity for anomalous X-ray pulsars and dim radio quiet neutron stars are presented as a function of both characteristic age and magnetic eld. The implications of the pulsar luminosity function for these new kinds of neutron star are discussed.
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