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    Exploring Antibacterial Properties of Marine Sponge-Derived Natural Compounds: A Systematic Review
    Marine Drugs (2025)
    Cintia Cristina Santi MartignagoCamila de Souza BarbosaHomero Garcia MottaBeatriz Soares‐SilvaErica Paloma Maso Lopes PeresLais Caroline Souza e SilvaMirian BonifácioKarolyne dos Santos Jorge SousaAmanda Sardeli AlqualoJúlia Risso ParisiOlivier JordanAna Claudia Muniz RennoAnna Caroline Campos AguiarViorica Patrulea
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    Abstract:
    The rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has prompted extensive research into antibacterial compounds, as these resistant strains compromise current treatments. This resistance leads to prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality rates, and higher healthcare costs. To address this challenge, the pharmaceutical industry is increasingly exploring natural products, particularly those of marine origin, as promising candidates for antimicrobial drugs. Marine sponges, in particular, are of interest because of their production of secondary metabolites (SM), which serve as chemical defenses against predators and pathogens. These metabolites exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antibacterial activity. This systematic review examines recent advancements in identifying new sponge-derived compounds with antimicrobial activity, specifically targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a prevalent Gram-negative pathogen with the highest incidence rates in clinical settings. The selection criteria focused on antimicrobial compounds with reported Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values. The identified SM include alkaloids, sesterterpenoids, nitrogenous diterpene, and bromotyrosine-derived derivatives. The structural features of the active compounds selected in this review may provide a foundational framework for developing new, highly bioactive antimicrobial agents.
    Keywords:
    Sponge
    Topics:
    Marine Sponges and Natural Products
    Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
    Synthesis and Biological Activity
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