A Comparative Review of Alternative Fucoidan Extraction Techniques from Seaweed
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Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in brown seaweed. Due to its reported biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, it has garnered significant attention for potential biomedical applications. However, the direct relationship between fucoidan extracts' chemical structures and bioactivities is unclear, making it extremely challenging to predict whether an extract will possess a given bioactivity. This relationship is further complicated by a lack of uniformity in the recent literature in terms of the assessment and reporting of extract properties, yield and chemical composition (e.g., sulfate, fucose, uronic acid and monosaccharide contents). These inconsistencies pose significant challenges when directly comparing extraction techniques across studies. This review collected data on extract contents and properties from a selection of available studies. Where information was unavailable directly, efforts were made to extrapolate data. This approach enabled a comprehensive examination of the correlation between extraction techniques and the characteristics of the resulting extracts. A holistic framework is presented for the selection of fucoidan extraction methods, outlining key heuristics to consider when capturing the broader context of a seaweed bioprocess. Future work should focus on developing knowledge within these heuristic categories, such as the creation of technoeconomic models of each extraction process. This framework should allow for a robust extraction selection process that integrates process scale, cost and constraints into decision making. Key quality attributes for biologically active fucoidan are proposed, and areas for future research are identified, such as studies for specific bioactivities aimed at elucidating fucoidan's mechanism of action. This review also sets out future work required to standardize the reporting of fucoidan extract data. Standardization could positively enhance the quality and depth of data on fucoidan extracts, enabling the relationships between physical, chemical and bioactive properties to be identified. Recommendations on best practices for the production of high-quality fucoidan with desirable yield, characteristics and bioactivity are highlighted.Keywords:
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Brown algae
Laminaria digitata
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Hyperlipidemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is believed to attenuate hyperlipidemia and the progression of atherosclerosis. Although fucoidans are reported to have hypolipidemic effects, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Furthermore, few reports have revealed the anti-atherosclerotic effects and the underlying mechanisms of fucoidans. This study was designed to investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effect and mechanisms of the fucoidan from seaweed A. nodosum. Our results demonstrated that the fucoidan administration ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion and lipid profiles in a dose-dependent manner in the apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE
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Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Brown algae
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Ascophyllum
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Brown algae
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Ascophyllum
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Brown algae
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The present study investigates the molecular characteristics of fucoidan obtained from the brown Irish seaweed
Ascophyllum
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Brown algae
Characterization
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Brown seaweeds are rich in fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The brown algae Sargassum sp. has not been thoroughly investigated for fucoidan extraction using various techniques and evaluations of their effects on extraction yield and its structural properties. The purpose of this study was to compare the structural characteristics and extraction yield of fucoidan from Sargassum sp. using conventional, microwave, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods. The results showed that a slightly higher yield was obtained by using the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method (2.772%) followed by the microwave-assisted extraction method (2.494%) and conventional extraction method (2.399%). However, the IC50 values for antioxidants were found to be lower (less value is preferable) for crude fucoidan obtained by microwave-assisted extraction method (175 ?g/ml) than for conventional (195 ?g/ml) and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods (230 ?g/ml). The crude fucoidan obtained from the three different extraction methods showed moderate antioxidant strength Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)SDG 3: Good Health and Well-beingSDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and InfrastructureSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and ProductionDG 14: Life Below Water
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Brown algae
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Dengue Fever is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus infection and it poses a significant threat in tropical countries, such as Indonesia. Several studies have shown that the existing treatment options for this condition were ineffective, including the Dengvaxia vaccine released in 2015. This has led to the exploration of bioactive substances with the potential to be developed as antiviral medicines. One of the promising candidates is brown seaweed (Sargassum plagiophyllum), which has been reported to have anti-dengue and cytotoxic effects. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the anti-dengue activity of fucoidan from S. plagiophyllum and analyze its monosaccharides composition. Fucoidan extract was purified with ion exchange chromatography and characterized with H-NMR and HPLC. According to HPLC analysis, the extract consisted of various sugars, including fucose (5980 g/g), galactose, xylose, mannose (1740 g/g), glucose (9.34 g/g), glucuronic, and galacturonic acid (10,06%). Furthermore, the anti-dengue activity was assessed using the viral ToxGlo test and the MTT assay. The results showed that fucoidan had an effective concentration (EC50) of 76.49 g/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 3.02, indicating the presence of anti-dengue properties.
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Sargassum
Brown seaweed
Monosaccharide
Fucales
Brown algae
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Ascophyllum
Fucoidan
Fucus vesiculosus
Brown seaweed
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Our previous studies on fucoidan from Malaysian brown seaweed, Sargassum binderi, found that it exhibited significant secondary anti-oxidative activity and showed non-toxicity.In order to exploit its health benefits, fucoidan-rich seaweed tea was developed in this study.A total of 4 different brewing time treatments were performed on Sargassum binderi at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mins (F t05 , F t10 , F t15 and F t20 , respectively).It was found that F t20 showed significantly (p<0.05)highest fucoidan content (27.22 ± 0.07 mg/200 mL), superoxide anion scavenging activity (16.46 ± 2.83%) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (89.83 ± 4.11%) compared to that of F t05 , F t10 and F t15 .Both the secondary antioxidant activities were significantly positive correlated to the fucoidan content tests (superoxide anion scavenging activity at r=0.97, p=0.0052; and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at r=0.99, p=0.0011).Masking of the seaweed odour was performed using lemon essence and discriminative test found that masking was most effective using lemon essence at a concentration of 0.3% (v/v).Therefore, there is potential for this seaweed tea to be commercialised, thus, consumers may acquire the health benefit of fucoidan.
Fucoidan
Brown seaweed
Sargassum
Brown algae
Functional food
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