Malaysia’s Development Expenditure Effects on Gross Domestic Product by Using VECM Approach
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The provision of public goods and services to citizens is a significant responsibility of the government. The products include schools, hospitals, roads, and other infrastructure. This investment is essential to stimulate economic growth, create job opportunities, and improve living standards. The effect of development spending on economic growth has been shown in a significant amount of existing literature. However, there are still various opinions on the impact level of development spending on economic growth. Therefore, the goal of our research is to investigate the link between Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Development Expenditure (DE) based on the long-run and short-run vector error correction model (VECM) approach. The findings show that the long-term impact of GDP on development spending is positive, according to the results of the Johansen co-integration test. The long-run VECM also shows a positive correlation between GDP and government spending on development. Development spending and lag one GDP are negatively correlated. The short-run VECM shows a positive correlation between GDP and GDP lag. Unrestricted Vector Autoregressive (VAR) demonstrates that government spending on development has no discernible impact on GDP. According to the impulse response function (IRF) study, a GDP shock first has a negative effect on development spending before having a positive reaction. Although GDP might not be a strong indicator of DE in the near run, it becomes increasingly apparent over longer time frames, emphasizing the intricate relationship between macroeconomic factors and fiscal policy.Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita is a critical degree of a nation's monetary growth that records for its number of people.A balanced participation ratio of both males and females in the industry by ensuring skilled and technical education for all provides a stable economic development in a country.Population and Gender impact on GDP prices in Bangladesh were investigated in this study.To address the effect of gender factors in GDP prices, we considered the following parameters: year, combined population, male population, and female population.Based on these parameters, the global domestic product-current prices of Bangladesh were analyzed.For the predictive analysis, we have used various machine learning algorithms to make prediction and visualization of the predicted output.A quantitative analysis was also performed to examine the correlation among different gender factors with the growth of GDP.Based on analysis and study results, we can say that the machine learning approach could be applied efficiently in numerous applications of GDP forecasting.
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This paper identifies statistical relationships between the Steel-Intensity-of-Use and the Gross Domestic Product per Capita based on the data of ten selected countries based on judgmental sampling from the World Steel Association. Economic data such as Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Income, Gross Domestic Product per Capita, government spending, investment, Export of Goods and Services, and manufacturing are obtained. Based on regression analysis and exploration of economic data, the relationship differs in terms of economic development stratification. We find a pattern of a waveform in terms of Correlation and Significance between Steel-Intensity-of-Use and the Gross Domestic Product per Capita along the country’s economic classification. Each classification implies that the country needs to enhance the economy related to the required steel or non-steel-related industry and the accompanying government policy.
Gross domestic income
Gross national income
Investment
Per capita income
Gross output
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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Capital (architecture)
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Value (mathematics)
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Abstract Gross domestic product ( GDP ) provides an imperfect estimate of economic conditions in different nations. Various statistical methods have been developed to improve the accuracy of GDP in assessing economic performance. Alternative measures of economic performance have been developed, but GDP is still a leading measure of national economic performance.
Gross domestic income
Economic indicator
Gross output
GDP deflator
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This paper examines the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investment (GDI) for India during the period 1951- 2012. Vector Error Correction Method and co-integration techniques are used for analyzing the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investment (GDI) in this study. The Johansen co-integration test indicates gross domestic product (GDP), gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investment (GDI) are co-integrated, and that a long-run equilibrium exists between them. The Vector Error Correction test reveals that there is unidirectional causality running from gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investment (GDI) to gross domestic product (GDP) in the short run as well as in the long run. It means gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investment (GDI) lead to gross domestic product (GDP) but gross domestic product (GDP) does not lead to gross domestic savings (GDS) and gross domestic investment (GDI).
Gross domestic income
Capital Consumption Allowance
Gross output
Investment
Gross national income
Gross margin
Gross profit
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We made in this paper a brief analysis of the following statistics: Intermediate Statistics, Parastatistics, Fractionary Statistics and Gentileonic Statistics that predict the existence of particles which are different from bosons, fermions and maxwellons. We shown the fundamental hypothesis assumed in each one of the above mentioned statistics and their main predictions and compared them with experimental results. Taking into account the works done about these statistics we could say that there is a tendency to believe that real particles, that is, those that can be observed freely, can be only bosons, fermions and maxwellons and that all other particles, different from these would be quasiparticles. Up to date in 3-dim systems only bosons, fermions and maxwellons have been detected freely. Recently in 2-dim systems have been detected the quasiparticles named anyons that have fractionary charges and spins.
Identical particles
Summary statistics
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This study aimed to analyze the influence of sukuk towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the short term and the long term. The data used in this research is sukuk and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) quarterly data from 2009 until 2015 in the form of time series, processed and analyzed by the method of estimation of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results of this study indicate that factors influencing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the short term and the long term is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Sukuk. In the short term Gross Domestic Product (GDP) influencing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) itself positively and significantly, while Sukuk influencing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) negatively. In the long term both of Sukuk and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) influence the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) positively and significantly. The study conclude that the increase in funding sources could increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in order to increase economic growth. Thus it is critical to increase the sources of financing to stimulate economic growth in Indonesia.
Gross domestic income
Sukuk
GDP deflator
Distributed lag
Gross national income
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