Strain-driven domain wall network with chiral junctions in an
antiferromagnet
Vishesh SaxenaMara GutzeitArturo Rodríguez-SotaSoumyajyoti HaldarFelix ZahnerR. WiesendangerAndré KubetzkaStefan HeinzeKirsten von Bergmann
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Abstract:
Materials with antiferromagnetic order have recently emerged as promising candidates in spintronics based on their beneficial characteristics such as vanishing stray fields and ultra-fast dynamics. At the same time more complex localized non-coplanar magnetic states as for instance skyrmions are in the focus of applications due to their intriguing properties such as the topological Hall effect. Recently a conceptual shift has occurred to envision the use of such magnetic defects not only in one-dimensional race track devices but to exploit their unique properties in two-dimensional networks. Here we use local strain in a collinear antiferromagnet to induce non-coplanar domain wall junctions, which connect in a very specific way to form extended networks. We combine spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy with density functional theory to characterize the different building blocks of the network, and unravel the origin of the handedness of triple-junctions and the size of the arising topological orbital moments.Keywords:
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Recent work on magnetic phase transition in nanoscale systems indicates that new physical phenomena, in particular, the Bloch wall width narrowing, arise as a consequence of geometrical confinement of magnetization and leads to the introduction of geometrically constrained domain wall models. In this paper, we present a systematic mathematical analysis on the existence of the solutions of the basic governing equations in such domain wall models. We show that, when the cross section of the geometric constriction is a simple step function, the solutions may be obtained by minimizing the domain wall energy over the constriction and solving the Bogomol’nyi equation outside the constriction. When the cross section and potential density are both even, we establish the existence of an odd domain wall solution realizing the phase transition process between two adjacent domain phases. When the cross section satisfies a certain integrability condition, we prove that a domain wall solution always exists which links two arbitrarily designated domain phases.
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Discrete symmetries are widely imposed in particle theories. It is well known that the spontaneous breaking of discrete symmetries leads to domain walls. Current studies of domain walls have focused on those from the spontaneous breaking of a ${Z}_{2}$ symmetry. Larger discrete symmetries have multiple degenerate vacua, leading to domain walls which are in principle different from the simplest ${Z}_{2}$ domain wall. We take domain walls from ${Z}_{N}$ symmetry breaking as an illustrative study, and study in detail the ${Z}_{3}$ case, in which semianalytical results for the tension and thickness of domain walls are derived. Explicit symmetry-breaking terms lead to the dynamics of domain walls collapsing in a more more complicated way than the ${Z}_{2}$ case. Gravitational wave signals deviate from those from ${Z}_{2}$ domain walls.
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We present a method to drive multiple domain walls in the absence of direct current application in a coupled nanowire system. The domain walls were driven by a combination of remote coupling and exchange repulsion force from the domain wall compressions. The domain walls were compressed as they were unable to annihilate each other due to having similar topological charges. The compressions are present between the subsequent domain walls, which allow them to be driven as a group in the coupled nanowire system.
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