Differential pathogenicity of heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses on Spodoptera frugiperda corresponds to modulated expression of immune-response-related genes
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Heterologous
Heterologous expression
Abstract Many of the most promising applications of synthetic biology, including engineering of microbes for renewable chemical production, relies upon the ability of genetically-tractable hosts to express heterologous enzymes from foreign species. While countless methods for facilitating heterologous enzyme expression have been developed, comparable tools for facilitating heterologous enzyme activity are generally lacking. Such tools are needed to fully exploit the biosynthetic potential of the natural world. Here, using the model bacterium Escherichia coli , we investigate why iron-sulphur (Fe-S) enzymes are often inactive when heterologously expressed. By applying a simple growth complementation assay with collections of Fe-S enzyme orthologs from a wide range of prokaryotic diversity, we uncover a striking correlation between phylogenetic distance and probability of functional expression. Moreover, co-expression of a heterologous Fe-S biogenesis pathway increases the phylogenetic range of orthologs that can be functionally expressed. On the other hand, we find that heterologous Fe-S enzymes that require specific electron carrier proteins within their natural host are rarely functionally expressed unless their specific reducing partners are identified and co-expressed. We demonstrate in vitro that such selectivity in part derives from a need for low-potential electron donors. Our results clarify how phylogenetic distance and electron transfer biochemistry each separately impact functional heterologous expression and provide insight into how these barriers can be overcome for successful microbial engineering involving Fe-S enzymes.
Heterologous
Heterologous expression
Synthetic Biology
Iron–sulfur cluster
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Heterologous expression
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Heterologous
Heterologous expression
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Heterologous expression
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Heterologous
Heterologous expression
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Echerichia coli expression system has become a first choice to express heterologous protein because of its numerous advantages,but sometimes heterologous protein can make incorrect folding and form insoluble inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. So researchers use a variety of methods to enhance heterologous protein expression,including change the expression,such as use of enhancing fusion tags,change of Escherichia coli strains,co-expression of molecular chaperone and folding regulator. This review summarized the common strategies to enhance heterologous protein expression.
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Heterologous expression
Chaperone (clinical)
Inclusion bodies
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Escherichia coli has long been the primary expression system for the synthesis of heterologous proteins, but its utility is limited because many heterologous proteins are either prone to be degraded by the cellular proteases or to accumulate in insoluble form, typically as inclusion bodies. This paper reviews recent advances in the strategies for expression soluble heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli so as to improve the recovery yield of heterologous gene products in a biologically active form.
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Heterologous expression
Inclusion bodies
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Marine natural products (MNPs) are an important source of biologically active metabolites, particularly for therapeutic agent development after terrestrial plants and nonmarine microorganisms. Sequencing technologies have revealed that the number of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in marine microorganisms and the marine environment is much higher than expected. Unfortunately, the majority of them are silent or only weakly expressed under traditional laboratory culture conditions. Furthermore, the large proportion of marine microorganisms are either uncultivable or cannot be genetically manipulated. Efficient heterologous expression systems can activate cryptic BGCs and increase target compound yield, allowing researchers to explore more unknown MNPs. When developing heterologous expression of MNPs, it is critical to consider heterologous host selection as well as genetic manipulations for BGCs. In this review, we summarize current progress on the heterologous expression of MNPs as a reference for future research.
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Heterologous expression
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Heterologous
Heterologous expression
Mimosine
Leucaena
Cloning (programming)
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Heterologous expression
Functional Genomics
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