Mo-doping and CoO loading over BiVO4 photoanode for enhancing performance of H2O2 synthesis and in-situ organic pollutant degradation
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In order to explore the mutual influence between pollutant discharge and environment quality,relation models of pollutant discharge and environmental quality were established,and the relationship was divided into four types,low pollutant discharge-high environmental quality,high pollutant discharge-high environmental quality,high pollutant discharge-low environmental quality,and low pollutant discharge-low environmental quality. The evolution paths from one type into another were also discussed. The regional data in 2005 and 2010 was used to validate the pollutant discharge-environmental quality models. The results showed that most regions of China belonged to the high pollutant discharge-low environmental quality type,and the pollutant discharge-environmental quality type didn't vary too much during the 2005-2010 period. In the majority of provinces,the environmental quality index was higher than the pollutant discharge index,and the pollutant discharge quantity overflowed the environmental capacity. The reduction of pollutant discharge quantity should be the most important environmental problem in China. At present,China is in a critical period of environmental governance,and excessive disturbance from economic system to the environment system should be prevented. The results should be helpful for understanding the regional environmental quality situation,on the implementation of pollutant discharge reduction,and the improvement of environmental quality.
Environmental Quality
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The evaluation of centralised wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in planning and management is sometimes based solely on effluent pollutant concentrations or pollutant loads. For sanitation purposes, the effluent pollutant concentrations/loads of WWTPs are important; of course, but from the point of view of wastewater treatment, the pollutant removal performance should also be evaluated. Focussing on low- and middle-income countries, especially those in tropical regions, published kinetics studies on biological WWTPs (such as oxidation ditches and aerated lagoons) are summarised in this paper. In most studies, effluent pollutant concentrations/loads are described as first-order linear functions of influent pollutant concentrations/loads. Therefore, pollutant removal efficiencies can be expressed as first-order linear functions of the reciprocal of influent pollutant concentrations/loads with negative coefficients. This implies that pollutant removal efficiencies increase with influent pollutant concentration/load increases. Based on pollutant removal efficiency functions, biological or ecological WWTPs when operating with small influent pollutant concentrations/loads should change their management to increase influent pollutant concentrations/loads in order to increase pollutant removal efficiencies. It may, however, be possible for technological development in wastewater treatment to overcome this problem.
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Pollutants are formed when oil, gas, chemical plants, etc. discharge their harmful waste materials into stream or other water bodies. In this paper, a mathematical model for water pollutants which are soluble and insoluble has been formulated as a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. Control is applied on insoluble water pollutants to process them into soluble water pollutants. Numerical simulation has been carried out which suggest that soluble water pollutants are increasing as compared to insoluble water pollutants.
Water soluble
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Aquatic toxicology
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The decision making process based on environmental impacts of pollutants can be mathematically expressed. It will be helpful for taking right decisions on discharge of water pollutants and emissions of air pollutants in the environmental recipient components. No effect release can be made possible by reducing the pollutants with suitable decision making for which the indicators for potential impacts from the produced pollutant release has to be developed as Environmental No Impact Factor (ENIF). With the development of suitable mathematical models, NEIF can be applied to different pollutant releases in order to select the best option for reducing the potential impacts from the released/discharged pollutants. The present paper describes the scientific aspects in brief for such model applicable for discharge of water pollutants, emission of air pollutants and release of soil pollutants by which decision making becomes easier.
Criteria air contaminants
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Based on the solution of the 3-D pollutant transportation equation,the impacts of reservoir operation flow rate on pollutant transportation and out flow water quality are studied.It is found that for any cases of pollutant inflow conditions the increase of operation flow rate is in favor of the pollutant discharging of reservoir and will minimize the detaining duration of pollutant.The study result is applied to analyze the effectiveness of the alert system in Zhipingpu Reservoir,Sichuan Province,for preventing from pollutant accident.Pertinent measures are suggested accordingly to deal with the emergency when pollutant accidents are taking place.
Inflow
Outflow
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The environmental impact assessment model with multi-pollutant factor based on normalization method was proposed in this paper.According to the difference among toxicological toxic pollutants,the multi-pollutant factor can be transformed into the single-pollutant factor during analyzing environment pollution. Through the practice of regional environmental planning and total pollutant controlling,it is confirmed that the model can be used to solve environmental issues with multi-pollutant factors.In comparison with traditional methods,this method is relatively simple and practical.It is convenient to assess and manage the influence of multiple pollutants.The pollutant with no evaluative standard is also fit for this model.Meanwhile,it promotes the reducing of highly toxic pollutants firstly,enhances the maneuverability of toxic pollutant controlling.
Normalization
Environmental Pollution
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Sanitary sewer
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Biochemical oxygen demand
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In order to explore the mutual influence between pollutant discharge and environment quality, relation models of pollutant discharge and environmental quality were established, and the relationship was divided into four types, low pollutant discharge-high environmental quality, high pollutant discharge-high environmental quality, high pollutant discharge-low environmental quality, and low pollutant discharge-low environmental quality. The evolution paths from one type into another were also discussed. The regional data in 2005 and 2010 was used to validate the pollutant discharge-environmental quality models. The results showed that most regions of China belonged to the high pollutant discharge-low environmental quality type, and the pollutant discharge- environmental quality type didn't vary too much during the 2005-2010 period. In the majority of provinces, the environmental quality index was higher than the pollutant discharge index, and the pollutant discharge quantity overflowed the environmental capacity. The reduction of pollutant discharge quantity should be the most important environmental problem in China. At present, China is in a critical period of environmental governance, and excessive disturbance from economic system to the environment system should be prevented. The results should be helpful for understanding the regional environmental quality situation, on the implementation of pollutant discharge reduction, and the improvement of environmental quality.
Environmental Quality
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Citations (1)