The mortality impacts of greening Italy
Orazio Valerio GiannicoRodolfo SardoneLucia BiscegliaFrancesco AddabboFrancesco PirottiSante MinerbaAntonia Mincuzzi
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Abstract:
Green spaces have been shown to be beneficial to humans, but quantifying these benefits is a challenge for epidemiology. In this health impact assessment study, we exploit satellites to estimate for the whole of Italy the number of deaths that could be prevented in the 49 million adult population by greening residential areas. The exposure was assessed by calculating the normalized difference vegetation index at 10-m resolution within a 300-m distance from homes in 7904 municipalities. In this study we estimate, by achieving nationwide the level of residential greenness currently reached by the 25% of the population, a total of 28,433 (95% confidence interval: 21,400–42,350) preventable deaths and 279,324 (210,247–415,980) preventable years of life lost in Italy in 2022, representing the 5% of the total mortality burden. More green means fewer deaths, thus strong action is needed to increase the amount and accessibility of green spaces in all human settlements. Green spaces are beneficial to humans. The authors estimate, by reaching across the whole of Italy the greenness currently achieved by the 25% of the population, a total of 28,433 annual preventable deaths, representing the 5% of all mortality burden.Keywords:
Human settlement
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Action spectra for light‐induced chlorophyll formation in etiolated leaves, potato tubers, and dark‐grown epi‐ and hypocotyls of pea and bean seedlings show a correlation between rate of greening and wavelengths with the strongest greening effect. Action spectra for the greening of leaves and the upper parts of epi‐ and hypocotyls with rapid greening and with rather high concentrations of protochlorophyll 650–652 have a maximum at 650 nm. While those for slowly greening material such as potato tuber parenchyma and the lower parts of epi‐ and hypocotyls show maxima around 660‐–70 nm. This shift is discussed and it is proposed to be due to a more dominating role of light absorbed by phytochrome for the formation of chlorophyll precursors in slowly greening materials than in rapidly greening tissues. in which the protochlorophyll formation is rapid also without the influence of phytochrome. Therefore, in slowly greening material, the peak in the absorption spectrum for phytochrome in its red absorbing form will have a more dominating influence on the shape of the action spectrum, and this will be reflected in a shift of the peak from 650 nm to higher wavelengths.
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In July of 2004, State General Bureau of Environmental Protection announces ten most serious urban lists of air pollution , Linfen comes out at the top. The city so with serious pollution, its urban living environment is really troubling. In order to understand Yaoduqu living environment state in an all-round way, the author surveys Yao′s living environment current situation of the district, analyses and studies, hope to offer reference for Yaoduqu′s human settlements environmental construction.
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