Prognostic impact of targetable driver alterations in resected early-stage lung cancer
Angelika TerbuchSelma KonjićVerena SchlintlGudrun AbsengerPhilipp J. JostJoerg LindenmannPaul SwatekNikolaus JohnT. Aneesh JohnRobert WurmMartin ZachariasFlorian PoschMaximilian J. HochmairHannah FabikanChristoph WeinlingerOliver IlliniLena HorvathGabriele GamerithDominik WolfFlorian AugustinLuka Brčić
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Apart fromLung cancer is still a leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. The incidence of lung cancer in developed countries started to decrease mainly due to global anti-smoking campaigns. However, the incidence of lung cancer in women has been increasing in recent decades for various reasons. Furthermore, since the screening of lung cancer is not as yet very effective, clinically applicable molecular markers for early diagnosis are much required. Lung cancer in women appears to have differences compared with that in men, in terms of histologic types and susceptibility to environmental risk factors. This suggests that female lung cancer can be derived by carcinogenic mechanisms different from those involved in male lung cancer. Among female lung cancer patients, many are non-smokers, which could be studied to identify alternative carcinogenic mechanisms independent from smoking-related ones. In this paper, we reviewed molecular susceptibility markers and genetic changes in lung cancer tissues observed in female lung cancer patients, which have been validated by various studies and will be helpful to understand the tumorigenesis of lung cancer.
Genetic predisposition
Epidemiology of cancer
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CTによる膀胱腫瘍浸潤度判定をより客観的なものとする目的で, 新たに理想膀胱外壁線および腫瘍根部径 (W)-縦径 (H) 比を設定して各浸潤度別に比較検討し, 以下の検討結果をえた. (1) CTによる形態診断で, 小乳頭状型, 乳頭状有茎性型, 乳頭状無茎性型を示したものはすべて Stage B1以下であつた. 広基結節型を示した23例中19例は, CTによる判定通り広基結節型 Stage B2以上であつたが, 残りの4例は摘出標本では乳頭状無茎性型 Stage B1であつた. (2) 体位変換時の腫瘍変位性は, 乳頭状有茎性型形態を示したもののみに認められ, そのすべてが Stage B1以下であつた. (3) 理想膀胱外壁線外への腫瘍突出は広基結節型を示した Stage C 以上の全例に認められた. また, 従来膀胱壁外には突出しないとされてきた Stage B2の6例中4例に認められた. 突出した腫瘍根部の外壁を比較すると Stage B2ではその突出部の性状は平滑であつたが, Stage C 以上の場合は不整であつた. (4) W/H比に関しては, 乳頭状型を呈した Stage B1以下と広基結節型を呈した Stage B2以上は1.2で明瞭に判別できた.以上より作成したCTによる膀胱腫瘍浸潤度判定基準により, Stage B1以下では37例中26例 (70%), Stage B2以上では19例中16例 (84%). 特に膀胱内注入物質として空気を用いた場合, Stage B2以上において15例中15例 (100%) と非常に高い一致率が得られた.本判定基準による膀胱腫瘍浸潤度のCT診断は, 従来は極めて困難であつた深層浸潤性腫瘍の各 Stage の判別診断を可能とし, 臨床上極めて有用なものと考える.
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Guru-shishya parampara (with due respect to its importance as an established form of knowledge-transfer system and its historical references) is in a way a register of a life-cycle of a trained (neo-classical) dancer. This system has a history of exchange for those specialists who claim the designation of a guru and all who register themselves as shishya under specific gurus. This chapter attempts a critical understanding of the so-called sacred duty of transmission of knowledge as a wat to ensure livelihood and survival. With the help of the case study of Amala Shankar (1919–2020) and her modern institution, the chapter looks at the Uday Shankar India Culture Centre as the alternate space for creating a value for the system of knowledge transfer beyond the traditional guru-shishya parampara.
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This is the dataset for the article Numerical constraints on the one-stage and two-stage Greater India collision models. It is mainly about the experimental data and visualization from Figure 3 to Figure 8.
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Predicting the stage-discharge relationship in two-stage channels is a significant factor, as it determines the discharge and the degree of flood accurately. There are conventional methods, in which they either do not meet the required accuracy or simplicity. In this paper, a new simple model is developed for symmetric compound channels to predict the stage-discharge relationship accurately. The method is proposed by improving the weighted divided channel method (WDCM), which includes the apparent shear force (ASF), wetted perimeters and B/b ratio. It was concluded that the improved weighted divided channel method (IWDCM) is limited to all rigid symmetric compound channels with B/b ratios greater than or equal to 3. The IWDCM led to an absolute percentage error always less than 10% for total discharges for all smooth and rough cases. The proposed IWDCM method will therefore be very helpful to hydraulic engineers to predict the stage-discharge relationship precisely due to its simplicity.
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地方性甲状腺腫は臨床, 病理学的に複雑な経過を示し, 疫学的, 病理学的発生論や治療の選択に多くの難題が残されている. 著者は本症の病期検討および妥当な病期分類がこれらの検索, 解明にきわめて有用であると着目し, 甲状腺剔出を行なった地方性甲状腺腫336例を臨床, 病理学的に精査し下記の結果をえた. 1) 地方性甲状腺腫は臨床的, 病理学的経過からStage 1;過形成期, Stage 2;腫大期, Stage 3;結節形成期と分類できた. 2) 本症は病期の進行に伴い病悩期間は長くなり, 甲状腺腫は増大し種々の局所圧迫症状をみるが, 合併症がなければ全身的, 臨床生化学的所見はほぼ正常である. 3) 臨床, 病理学的に本症はStage 1からStage 2さらにStage 3に進行し, Stage 3は終末期である. 4) 病変の占居部位はStage 1では両葉性, Stage 2では両葉性と単葉性がほぼ等しく, Stage 3では単葉性が多い点からもStageの進行度を裏付けられる. 5) 336例のうち男性39例, 女性297例, 男女比1:7.6で, 発生のピークは女性では20才から30才代, 男性は30才から40才代であった. 6) 手術適応例は若年者より成人に多く, 女性は男性より著しく多い. ヨード治療の効果が若年者ほど良好で, 男性は女性よりもヨード感受性が高いためである. 7) Stage 3の9.4%に甲状腺機能亢進症 (4.03%), 腺腫 (1.34%), 甲状腺癌 (4.03%) などの共存疾患がみられた. 8) ヨード治療はStage 1では効果的であるがStage 2では無効でStage 3に進行し, 種々の合併症を起こすこともあり, Stage 2における手術が望ましい.
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Rabindranath Tagore (1861‒1941) was a prolific playwright with more than thirty plays to his credit. He is also known for his life-long, passionate engagement with theatre, first at Jorasanko and then at Santiniketan, in multiple roles as actor, director, singer, musician. However, during his own life-time and even after his demise, his experimental plays have proved challenging for directors to stage. Time and again they have been written off as unstageable by prominent theatre makers. Further complications have arisen from the presence of a spectre of authority around Tagore and his plays often promoted by Visva-Bharati, the institution he founded and which held the copyright of his works till 2001. This book travels through time and space intending to untangle the enigma presented by Tagore's plays. The book on one hand immerses itself into the archive of Tagore's plays and his dramaturgy of them in order to problematize the ways in which they have been interpreted. On the other, it also engages with productions of Tagore's plays during and after his life-time to understand the challenges directors have faced while staging them and the strategies they have embraced to circumvent them. While performing a subjective critical reading of the Tagore theatre-archive, an underlying objective of the book remains to understand the very concept of the archive, as it manifests itself in contemporary dramatic theatre.
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腎細胞癌50例 (stage 1が12例, stage 2が15例, stage 3Aが5例, stage 3Bが2例, stage 3Cが1例, stage 4Aが1例, stage 4Bが14例) の腎動脈撮影時における静脈像所見について検討を行つた.腎動脈撮影で腎静脈本幹が描出されたものは, 50例中21例 (42%) で, 正常腎の腎静脈描出率83% (30例中25例) より低かつた. また患側別では, 右側が28例中9例 (32%), 左側が22例中12例 (55%) であり, 右腎静脈は左腎静脈と比較して描出率が低かつた. 一方, high stage (stage 3およびstage 4)は, low stage (stage 1およびstage 2) に比べて, 腎静脈描出率が低かつたが, high stageのうち腎静脈腫瘍血栓を除けば, 腎静脈描出率は low stage のそれと同程度であつた.腎動静脈瘻は50例中6例 (12%) に認めたが, そのうち腎静脈腫瘍血栓は3例 (50%) と高率に合併していたが, その予後は必ずしも悪くない傾向であつた.腎静脈腫瘍血栓を認めた13例中, 腎動脈撮影で striated vascular pattern は10例 (77%) に描出された.側副静脈は50例中11例 (22%) に認めたが, そのうち腎静脈腫瘍血栓の合併は5例 (45%) で, 残り6例は腎静脈腫瘍血栓が認められないにもかかわらず, 側副静脈が描出されており, 腎静脈腫瘍血栓と側副静脈描出の関連性は少ないと考えられた.
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