Development and internal validation of risk stratification tool for lymph node metastasis in pT3-4 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients
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This chapter contains sections titled: Epidemiological impact of risk stratification The Bayesian approach to the impact of the changing prognosis upon tests used for risk stratification Risk stratification in postinfarction patients Risk stratification in nonischemic cardiomyopathy Summary References
Risk Stratification
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Distant metastasis
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Oral Cancers
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Background: A universal and systematic protocol is essential for accurate reporting of biomarker studies. For unity in reporting biomarker studies, many guidelines were introduced, Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies (REMARK) being one of them. Aim: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the quality of published articles of biomarkers that predict metastasis in lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by the use of the reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic (REMARK) guidelines. Methods: Comprehensive search was done in MEDLINE via PubMed and Cochrane from January 2015 to December 2019 to identify manuscripts evaluating biomarkers predicting lymph node metastasis in OSCC. The significance of the univariate and multivariate analysis was assessed for each manuscript, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-six results were included for the qualitative synthesis. The mean REMARK score was 11.13 (range: 5.01–17.15). Biomarkers with the highest REMARK score were phospholipase C, cyclin D, CD44+/CD133+, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). While biomarkers such as LGALS1, NCOA7, and TMOD1 were associated with high risk of bias, hence its use as a biomarker predicting lymph node metastasis is questionable. Conclusions: In our review of 36 manuscripts, manuscripts examining biomarkers evaluating lymph node metastasis in OSCC need an improvement in their reporting. Biomarkers such as phospholipase C, cyclin D, CD44+/CD133+, and MMP-9 can be used as a predictor of lymph node metastasis in OSCC.
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b r t w u r t i c As with other cardiovascular diseases, advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have resulted in the use of new biomarkers (measurable plasma molecules) that reflect the different mechanisms that underlie the condition. These biomarkers are valuable tools that are increasingly used not only for early diagnosis but for shortand long-term prognostic stratification. A wide range of biomarkers are now available in ACS, including those that reflect vascular inflammation due to atherosclerotic disease (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP]), markers of protease activity associated with progression of atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization (cystatin C), and those indicating myocardial injury (troponin and ST2), renal damage (cystatin C, NGAL, glomerular filtration rate), or ventricular dysfunction (neurohormonal peptides
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In this paper we compare the $\mathbb J$-stratification (or the semi-module stratification) and the Ekedahl-Oort stratification of affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties in the superbasic case. In particular, we classify the cases where the $\mathbb J$-stratification gives a refinement of the Ekedahl-Oort stratification, which include many interesting cases such that the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety admits a simple geometric structure.
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