Solvatochromism, Hydrogen Bonding Induced Charge Transfer, and Influence of pH on Electronic Absorption Spectra of Murexide
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Solvatochromism
The K-absorption spectra of sulfur and metal ions in a series of transition-metal disulfides MS2 (M=Fe, Co, Ni) have been measured with two-crystal spectrometers. Considerable differences in the profiles are observed between the spectra of metal and sulfur ions, while the respective spectra are alike among different compounds. Consideration about the similarity and the dissimilarity in the spectral features suggests that the simple energy-band picture or the simple molecular-orbital picture is not adequate for the explanation of the observed spectra.
Crystal (programming language)
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Absorption spectra of photochromic spironaphthoxazine dye in various solvents were examined and exhibited a positive solvatochromism. The positive solvatochromism of this dye strongly suggests that the structure of open chain forms is keto type structure, 4a. The effect of structural change on the electronic spectra, on replacement of the C=C bond by C=N bond, is discussed.
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The Mα and Mβ emission spectra and the MIV and MV absorption spectra have been studied for the rare earth elements. It is conclusively shown that the complicated multiplet structure observed in the emission spectra is not real emission structure but is, instead, produced by sample self-absorption. This is demonstrated by observing the emission spectra over wide variations in take-off angle and bombarding-electron energies and finally by comparing the detailed structure of both the emission and absorption spectra. The MIV and MV absorption structure completely overlaps the Mα and Mβ emission lines which are each found to have but one intensity maximum when obtained under conditions of minimum self-absorption. Some of these spectra have never been shown previously, while others have been studied in detail by several investigators. Points of agreement and disagreement with previous work are mentioned and the wavelengths of the emission lines and absorption edges are listed for all of the lanthanides. It is concluded that 4f→3d electron transitions are reversible in these elements.
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We report that the positive, reverse or negative solvatochromism ofp -phenolate-based dyes is highly correlated with the multireferential (MR) character of their ground-state wave function, with negative compounds presenting the highest degeneracy.
Solvatochromism
Degeneracy (biology)
Polarity (international relations)
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Solvatochromism
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A quantitative model of solvatochromism in a binary solvent system is presented. Although it is derived for merocyanine and betaine dyes, it explains a majority of known examples of solvatochromism in binary solvents. The model provides an estimation of equilibrium constants between particular types of solvates present therein. UV–VIS absorption spectra of solvated species can be simulated. They perfectly fit the experimental data. The model proposed describes the internal solvent picture from the solute point of view, which differs from other known models and may be useful for studying the structure of liquids © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvatochromism
Merocyanine
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The visible spectra of a series of merocyanines, derivatives of 4-[(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)ethylidene]-1,4-dihydropyridine, have been investigated in a number of solvents and solvent mixtures. The effect of substituents on the solvatochromic behaviour of these compounds is described. All investigated merocyanines exhibited a strong negative solvatochromism. Inverse solvatochromism was observed in solvents of very low polarity for polar dyes, and in polar solvents for dyes containing hydrophobic substituents. This inversion of the solvatochromic behaviour is attributed to aggregation phenomena. Keywords: merocyanines, solvatochromism, betaine, aggregation.
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Solvatochromism
Merocyanine
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