Highly porous Ni/MgO-ZrO2 catalysts for dry reforming of methane and the effects of MgO addition on the mechanisms
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Carbon dioxide reforming
Methane reformer
We studied the effects of reaction pressure, molar ratios of air to methane and steam to methane on the reforming process at temperatures below 973 K theoretically. Their reasonable ranges were also studied. We also compared the performance of a methane autothermal reforming system and a non-oxygen system. Results show that methane autothermal reforming occurs much more easily at temperatures above 633 K, reaction pressures below 0.10 MPa, a molar ratio of air to methane of 2.0, and a molar ratio of steam to methane between 1.0 and 2.5. At a definite methane mass flow, a higher methane conversion rate and hydrogen yield can be obtained at lower temperatures and in lesser steam to methane ratio in an autothermal reforming system compared with a non-oxygen system.
Methane reformer
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The main technologies for reforming natural gas to syngas at present are summarized including methane steam reforming,methane partial oxidation,carbon dioxide reforming of methane,coupling reaction of methane steam reforming and partial oxidation,coupling reaction of methane partial oxidation and carbon dioxide reforming,coupling reaction of methane steam reforming and carbon dioxide reforming,and tri-reforming of methane. The catalysts used in the first three typical reactions are focused on. It is pointed out that coupling the three typical reactions,and accompanied with lattice oxygen technology,plasma technology and microwave irradiation technology are development tendency of natural gas reforming to syngas.
Carbon dioxide reforming
Methane reformer
Partial oxidation
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Autothermal dry reforming of methane (ATR-DRM) has gained considerable research attention for its application in the conversion of methane and carbon dioxide to valuable synthesis gas (syngas). However, granular Ni-based catalysts offer limited stability and durability when used in the dry reforming of methane (DRM). Here, the performance of a honeycomb-type Ni/Al2O3 structured catalyst during syngas production was investigated under ATR-DRM conditions. The catalyst was successfully prepared on an aluminum-fin substrate by a combination of sol–gel and electroless plating methods. The addition of oxygen during the DRM significantly enhanced the reforming performance and considerably suppressed coke deposition. Furthermore, the Ni/Al2O3 structured catalyst could reduce hot spot formation and improve energy efficiency. Therefore, ATR-DRM using a structured catalyst is a promising technology that promotes process intensification.
Carbon dioxide reforming
Methane reformer
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The reforming of methane is considered as one of the industrially important process for decades, as the process converts natural gas to valuable syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO). There are three major reforming processes, which are classified based on the energetics of the process and type of reforming agent. Catalytic steam reforming (endothermic reaction), partial oxidation (exothermic reaction) and autothermal reforming (combined exothermic and endothermic reactions) of methane are commercially available processes for syngas production. Carbon dioxide /dry reforming (endothermic reaction) is another alternative process that has received significant attention in recent years, which demonstrates the environmental benefit. However, due to their several limitations / drawbacks, a significant number of research activities are underway to explore more feasible process with consideration of techno-economic and environmental aspects. Recently, tri-reforming of methane received a lot of attention and this process are considered as an effective conversion and use of carbon dioxide in flue gas from power plants, called tri-reforming. Tri-reforming of methane (TRM) is a combination of steam, dry and partial oxidation of methane (CH4+O2+ CO2+ H2O) which holds the main advantages and disadvantages of all processes to some extent. This is a first comprehensive review of the reports which have been published or patented on the development of tri-reforming of methane.
Methane reformer
Carbon dioxide reforming
Exothermic reaction
Endothermic process
Partial oxidation
Catalytic reforming
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Carbon dioxide reforming
Partial oxidation
Methane reformer
Nanocrystalline material
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Methane reformer
Carbon dioxide reforming
Partial oxidation
Carbon fibers
Catalytic reforming
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Carbon dioxide reforming
Methane reformer
Biogas
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The methane reforming with and steam for manufacture of synthesis gas over catalyst was investigated. Mixed reforming carried out dry reforming with and steam for development of DME process in pilot plant. To improve a catalyst deactivation by coke formation, the mixed reforming added carbon dioxide and steam as a oxidizer of the methane reforming was suggested. The result of experiments over commercial catalyst in dry reforming has shown that the catalyst activity decrease rapidly after 20 hours. In case of catalyst, the deactivation of 20 percent after 30 hours was occurred. The activity of Ni/C catalyst still was not decreased dramatically after 100 hours. The effect of reforming with steam over catalyst obtained the optimal conversion of methane and carbon dioxide, and could be produced synthesis gas at ratio of under 1.5.
Carbon dioxide reforming
Methane reformer
Catalytic reforming
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Methane reformer
Carbon dioxide reforming
Partial oxidation
Catalytic reforming
Carbon fibers
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Methane reformer
Carbon dioxide reforming
Partial oxidation
Carbon fibers
Catalytic reforming
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