Low detection of H5N1 virus in commercial chickens with a low-level of vaccination coverage against H5N1 virus infection in Bangladesh
Sukanta ChowdhuryMohammad Enayet HossainRashedul HasanMojnu MiahS BiswasMd Mahmudul HasanProbir Kumar GhoshJenifar Quaiyum AmiAkash SahaSumon GhoshMahmudur RahmanFahmida ChowdhuryMohammed Ziaur Rahman
1
Citation
21
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
plague
H5N1 genetic structure
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (1)
The study was conducted to detect antigen H5N1 of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) virus in various farms in East and West Java. The immunohistochemical technique was applied due to Hematoxilin-eosin (H&E) staining was impossible to visualize the antigen in tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was applied for some visceral organs collected from the areas where the outbreaks occurred in September-October 2003. The specimens were processed as histopathological paraffin blocks using standard method. The blocks that were suspected to have antigen H5N1 were cut and rabbit antisera to H5N1 produced from the local isolate was applied as the primary antibody. Biotinylated secondary antibody and avidin biotin peroxidase from a commercial kit were administered. The antigen present in the tissues were visualized by adding a substrate called Amino Ethyl Carbazole (AEC) resulting in reddish brown colour. This immunostaining proved to be accurate and reliably quick method to detect H5N1 antigen present in the avian tissues. In conclusion, the outbreak of bird flu was caused by H5N1 strain and the antigen could be found in wattles, combs, brain, trachea, lungs, heart, proventriculus, liver, spleen, kidney and ovary. Key words : Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), chicken, H5N1, outbreak, immunohistochemistry
Highly pathogenic
Cloaca
Cite
Citations (0)
Highly pathogenic
Traceability
H5N1 genetic structure
Cite
Citations (4)
Since 1981,the avian influenza virus that can infect human include H7N7、H5N1、H9N2、H7N2、H7N3、H5N2、H10N7、H7N9.Their clinical manifestations and mortality rates are quite different.But the code of human avian influenza based on ICD-10(the second edition)only has Category J09.Because the human avian influenza which has high mortality rate appears,we suggest increase suborder to classify the diseases caused by human avian influenza virus,in other to record,analyze and compare the disease data.
Human influenza
H5N1 genetic structure
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (0)
In the Brevia “Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds” (J. Liu et al. , 19 Aug., p. [1206][1]), Fig. 1 showed Taiwan as one of the areas affected by the avian influenza virus H5N1. This figure is incorrect. A surveillance program for monitoring avian influenza virus has been active in Taiwan since 1998, and H5N1 has not been found. Taiwan is also recognized as being free from avian influenza by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
# Response {#article-title-2}
The information on H5 avian influenza virus in Taiwan came from two Web sites ([1][2], [2][3]). The first Web site claimed the identification of H5N1 from red-faced ducks (Muscovy ducks) in Kim-meng (Jinmen), Taiwan ([1][2]), and the second claimed that H5N2 viruses were isolated from chicken farms in the counties of Changhwa (Zhanghua) and Tainan, Taiwan. Therefore, we believe that our figure is correct.
1. 1.[↵][4]See .
2. 2.[↵][5]See .
[1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1115273
[2]: #ref-1
[3]: #ref-2
[4]: #xref-ref-1-1 View reference 1. in text
[5]: #xref-ref-2-1 View reference 2. in text
Highly pathogenic
Bird flu
Web site
Cite
Citations (2)
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (1)
Objective The investigation was implemented to find out the reason of one death of human avian influenza in Ji'an City so as to provide a scientific basis for the future prevention and control of human avian influenza. Methods Case survey and field epidemiological survey were conducted to the patients of human avian influenza in the city. Results The samples were tested AIV-RNA positive by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the H5N1 avian influenza virus were separated from the samples. This was the first time that Human Avian Influenza was found in Ji'an City. And the epidemic situation was well controlled for the prevention measures were timely taken to the intimate physical contacts. Conclusion Human Avian Influenza was a new kind of infectious disease with abroad susceptible populations. Meanwhile there is short of effective immunological control measures at the present time. Therefore, it is particularly significant to cut off the transmission routes and take effective measures of environmental disinfection and separation.
Highly pathogenic
Disease Control
Human influenza
Cite
Citations (0)
High-pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza (AI) virus of the H5N1 subtype has caused an unprecedented epizootic in birds within nine Asian countries/regions since it was first reported in 1996. Vaccination has emerged as a tool for use in managing the infection in view of future eradication. This study was undertaken to determine whether two divergent H5N2 commercial vaccine strains, one based on a European and the other a North American low-pathogenicity AI virus, could protect chickens against a recent Asian H5N1 HPAI virus. The North American and European vaccine viruses had 84 and 91% deduced amino acid sequence similarity to the HA1 segment of haemagglutinin protein of Indonesia H5N1 HPAI challenge virus, respectively. Both vaccine strains provided complete protection from clinical signs and death. The vaccines reduced the number of chickens infected and shedding virus from the respiratory and intestinal tracts at the peak of virus replication. In addition, the quantity of virus shed was reduced by 104 to 105 median embryo infectious doses. The use of specific neuraminidase inhibition tests allowed identification of infected chickens within the vaccinated groups. These data indicate that the currently available H5 vaccines of European and North American lineages will protect chickens against the Asian H5N1 HPAI virus and reduce environmental contamination by the H5N1 HPAI virus. They will be an adjunct to biosecurity measures to reduce virus transmission. Les vaccins inactivés à virus influenza aviaire H5N2 européen et nord américain protègent les poulets contre le virus influenza aviaire H5N1 asiatique hautement pathogène Le virus influenza aviaire (AI) hautement pathogène (HP) de sous type H5N1 a causé une épizootie sans précédent chez les oiseaux de neuf régions/pays asiatiques depuis sa première déclaration en 1996. La vaccination est apparue comme un outil à utiliser pour contrôler l'infection en vue de son éradication future. Cette étude a été entreprise pour déterminer si deux souches divergentes H5N2, de vaccins du commerce, dérivées de virus AI de faible pathogénicité l'un européen et l'autre nord américain, pouvaient protéger les poulets contre un virus asiatique récent HPAI H5N1. Les virus vaccinaux nord américain et européen avaient une séquence déduite en acides aminés qui présentait respectivement 84% et 91% de similarité au niveau du segment HA1 de la protéine de l'hémagglutinine avec le virus d'épreuve HPAI H5N1 indonésien. Les deux souches vaccinales ont conféré une protection complète au regard des symptômes et de la mortalité. Les vaccins ont réduit le nombre de poulets infectés et la diffusion du virus à partir des tractus respiratoire et intestinal, au pic de réplication du virus. De plus, la quantité de virus diffusé a été réduite de 104–5 doses infectieuses 50 pour l'embryon (EID50). L'utilisation de tests d'inhibition spécifiques de la neuraminidase a permis l'identification de poulets infectés au sein des groupes vaccinés. Ces données indiquent que les vaccins H5 actuellement disponibles des lignages européen et nord américain protègent les poulets contre le virus HPAI H5N1 asiatique et réduisent la contamination environnementale par le virus HPAI H5N1. Ils représentent un complément aux mesures de biosécurité pour réduire la transmission du virus. Inaktivierte Vakzine mit nordamerikanischem oder europäischem H5N2 aviärem Influenzavirus schützen Hühner vor dem hochpathogenen asiatischen H5N1 aviären Influenzavirus Hochpathogenes (HP) aviäres Influenza (AI)-Virus des H5N1 Subtyps hat seit der Erstbeschreibung im Jahr 1996 eine noch nie da gewesene Epizootie bei Vögeln in neun asiatischen Ländern/Regionen hervorgerufen. Die Vakzination hat sich als ein Mittel zur Bekämpfung der Infektion im Hinblick auf die spätere Eradikation erwiesen. Diese Studie wurde durchgeführt, um festzustellen, ob zwei verschiedene kommerzielle H5N2-Vakzinestämme, einer basierend auf einem europäischen und der andere auf einem nordamerikanischen schwach pathogenen AI-Virus, Hühner gegen das neue asiatische H5N1-HPAI-Virus schützen kann. Das nordamerikanische und das europäische Vakzinevirus hatten eine 84- bzw. 91 %ige Übereinstimmung der Aminosäurensequenz mit dem HA1-Segment des Hämagglutininproteins des indonesischen H5N1-HPAI-Challengevirus. Beide Vakzinestämme schützten vollständig vor Erkrankung und Tod. Zum Zeitpunkt der größten Virusvermehrung reduzierten die Vakzinen die Anzahl der infizierten und damit die Anzahl der über den Respirations- und Intestinaltrakt virusausscheidenden Hühner. Außerdem wurde die Quantität der Virusausscheidung um 104–5 Embryo infektiöse Dosen50 (EID50) vermindert. Die Anwendung von Neuraminidaseinhibitionstests erlaubte die Identifizierung infizierter Hühner innerhalb der vakzinierten Gruppen. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die zur Zeit verfügbaren H5-Vakzinen europäischer und nordamerikanischer Herkunft Hühner gegen das asiatische H5N1-HPAI-Virus schützen und die Kontamination der Umgebung mit diesem Virus reduzieren können. Sie können eine Unterstützung der Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zur Reduktion der Virusübertragung sein. Vacunas de virus inactivados de Influenza Aviar H5N2 de América del norte y Europa protegen a los pollos frente al Virus de Influenza Aviar de Alta Patogenicidad H5N2 de Asia El virus de influenza aviar (AI) de alta patogenicidad (HP) del subtipo H5N1 ha causado una epizootía sin precedentes en aves de nueve países/regiones Asiáticos desde su primera descripción en 1996. La vacunación se ha convertido en una herramienta en uso para el control de la infección en vistas de una futura erradicación. Este estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar si dos cepas vacunales H5N2 distintas, una basada en una cepa Europea y la otra en una cepa Norte Americana del virus AI de baja patogenicidad,, podían proteger a pollos frente al virus asiático H5N1 HPAI. Los virus vacunales de Norte América y Europa mostraban un 84% y 91% de similitud en las secuencias aminoacídicas deducidas respecto el segmento HA1 de la proteína de la hemaglutinina del virus campo de Indonesia H5N1 HPAI, respectivamente. Ambas cepas vacunales proporcionaron protección completa frente a signos clínicos y mortalidad. Las vacunas redujeron el número de pollos infectados y la excreción de virus vía tracto respiratorio e intestinal en el momento de máxima replicación viral. Además, la cantidad de virus excretado se redujo hasta 104–5 dosis infectivas embrionarias medias (EID50). El uso de pruebas específicas de inhibición de la neuraminidasa permitió la identificación de las aves infectadas en los grupos vacunados. Estos resultados indican que las vacunas H5 disponibles actualmente, procedentes de líneas Europeas y Norte Americanas protegerán a los pollos frente al virus H5N1 HPAI Asiático y reducirán la contaminación del medio por este virus. Estas vacunas podrán sumarse a las medidas de bioseguridad para reducir la transmisión vírica.
H5N1 genetic structure
Inactivated vaccine
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (108)
Avian influenza(AI) is an important poultry disease.Ten countries in Asia and several countries in Eastern Europe suffer high losses from the lethal effects of Avian influenza virus(AIV) H5N1 subtype.AIV is well-known for its capability for genetic changes either through antigenic drift or antigenic variation.It is discussed in the paper that the modern biotechnology can be used in the study of AIV,the development of rapid diagnostic technique and the vaccines for control of a possible avian influenza epidemic.
Highly pathogenic
Disease Control
H5N1 genetic structure
Cite
Citations (0)
Human influenza
H5N1 genetic structure
Highly pathogenic
Cite
Citations (0)