All inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells based on preferential crystallization of buried interface regulated by CsCl
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A porous, homogeneous, phosphorous‐enriched oxide nanolayer was realized on the new Ti‐15Ta‐5Zr alloy surface by the anodic galvanostatic electrodeposition in phosphoric acid solution. This nanolayer contains TiO 2 , ZrO 2 oxides, tantalum suboxides, and ions incorporated in the time of the electrodeposition process and has a thickness of 15.5 nm (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data). Atomic force microscopy determined a homogeneous roughness. Scanning electron microscopy evinced a porous microstructure that can stimulate the growth of the bone tissue into pores. The presence of the anions promotes the electrostatic bonds between the nanolayer and different species from the biofluid, namely, osteoinduction. The anodic oxidation nanolayer improved all electrochemical and corrosion parameters conferring superior protection to the substrate by its higher resistance to the ion migration. Impedance spectra showed that the electrodeposited nanolayer is formed by an inner, dense, barrier layer and an outer porous layer. The nanolayer thickened in time, namely, is bioactive. The oxidized nanolayer is able to protect the alloy from ion release, to assure long‐term corrosion resistance, to minimize adverse reactions, to increase alloy bioactivity, to stimulate cell growth, and to favor osseointegration.
Characterization
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The crystallization separation theory and simulation optimization in solution crystallization are outlined.The crystallization processes such as direct cooling crystallization,reaction crystallization,distillation crystallization coupling,redox crystallization liquid membrane,extraction crystallization,magnetization crystallization and so on are summarized.Reasonable designing of crystallizer and crystallization technology is reliable guarantee for industrialization of crystallization processes.The falling film crystallizer,Bremband crystallization technology and the plate type crystallizer are evaluated.It is pointed out that the new crystallization separation unit and technology,technology industrialization,the mechanism of heat and mass transfer of crystallization process need to be further studied.
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The crystallization process of BHT belongs to the cooling solution crystallization processes, which uses ethanol as the solvent. In this thesis, the crystallization temperatures of BHT under different concentrations of ethanol and different feed ratios of solute to solvent were measured. It is shown that the crystallization temperature increases with reduce of the feed ratio or the ethanol concentration.
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Acicular
Crystal (programming language)
Morphology
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The crystallization process of BHT belongs to the cooling solution crystallization processes, which uses ethanol as the solvent.In this thesis,the crystallization temperatures of BHT under different concentrations of ethanol and different feed ratios of solute to solvent were measured.It is shown that the crystallization temperature increases with reduce of the feed ratio or the ethanol concentration.
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Phase formation upon hydrothermal crystallization of sodium titanosilicates has been studied in detail. It was shown that an excessive amount of Na and Si with respect to Ti affects the crystallization. It demonstrates that in a clear starting solution, high crystalline microporous titanosilicate (CST, Na2Ti2SiO7·2H2O) with sitinakite structure can be formed in 6 h and the crystallization is controlled by nucleation. With less amount of water, CST can be formed in 2 h. At low NaOH content, ETS-4 forms in 2 h at 230 °C. By simply increasing NaOH content in starting mixture, the crystallinity of CST improved. With increasing synthesis time CST re-crystallized to AM-4 with unusual hierarchal morphology. The synthesis temperature has a clear influence on the phase formation. At low synthesis temperature, a material with ivanyukite structure (GTS-1) was obtained in 4 h at 150 °C. Additionally, we discussed evidence for CST/GTS-1 intergrowths.
Hydrothermal Synthesis
Morphology
Water of crystallization
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We report a case in which two different crystallization mechanisms occurring in the same crystallization experiment are found to yield different polymorphic outcomes. In particular, we focus on crystallization of glycine from neutral aqueous solution. Crystallization in the bulk solution gives only the metastable alpha-polymorph, as observed in previous studies, whereas crystallization by evaporation of a thin film of the solution on the walls of the crystallization vessel is found to give rise to the thermodynamically stable gamma-polymorph, and furthermore produces an uncharacteristic crystal morphology for this polymorph. A detailed set of control experiments are described that elucidate mechanistic details relating to the latter crystallization process. The fact that crystallization on the walls of a crystallization vessel can yield a different polymorphic outcome from crystallization in the bulk solution in the same experiment has potentially much wider significance with regard to other polymorphic systems.
Metastability
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
ages with a diverse mix of classic and
contemporary pieces. The ChoraleAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs
performances have been described
as AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂemotionally unfiltered, honest
music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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Protein crystallization is a delicate process that is always sensitive to environmental factors. When the environmental factors are not well controlled or not controlled at all, identical crystallization droplets from the same mother liquid may yield different crystallization results. One environmental factor, the weather conditions during crystallization solution preparation, is not usually considered as a parameter for protein crystallization. In this paper, it is shown that the weather parameters during preparation of the crystallization experiment, including the ambient temperature, humidity, pressure and particulate matter in the air, can all affect the reproducibility of lysozyme crystallization. An identical lysozyme crystallization experiment was repeated for an entire year, and the weather conditions when each crystallization experiment was set up were recorded along with the crystallization results. Among the parameters recorded, the humidity during the experiment setup showed the strongest effect on lysozyme crystallization. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that the weather conditions during crystallization solution preparation should be considered as a potential factor that can influence protein crystallization.
Protein crystallization
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