Disentangling the electron-lattice dichotomy of the excitonic insulating phase in Ta2Ni(Se1−xSx)5 with sulfur substitution and potassium deposition
Tongrui LiYang LiuHongen ZhuHaiping ChenZhanfeng LiuZhengming ShangYuliang LiHui TianYunbo WuYuhao HongHaihua LuoYi LiuGuobin ZhangLidong ZhangYuqiao GuoChangzheng WuLi SongShengtao CuiZhe Sun
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Due to the variable subjects and methods of solving problems in Higher Mathematics,substitution will not only flexibly develop the ways of problem solving,but also an effect of simplification.By reversing the examples in solving the problems of application,substitution,ways of incremental-substitution,tangle-substitution,double-substitution,unequal-substitution,ratio-substitution and so on,are discussed.
Substitution (logic)
Substitution effect
Substitution method
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When we solve a maths problem,we should use the method of substitution to make the problem easier.It is the equivalent generation changes.Also it has three forms;triangle substitution,the radical substitution,overall substitution,and the equivalent generation substitution.
Substitution (logic)
Substitution method
Substitution effect
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The purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum can use elemental sulfur as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis. The elemental sulfur is taken up, transformed into intracellular sulfur globules and oxidized to sulfate. Commercially available 'elemental' sulfur usually consists of the two species cyclo-octasulfur and polymeric sulfur. The authors investigated whether only one sulfur species is used or at least preferred when Alc. vinosum takes up elemental sulfur and forms globules. To this end, Alc. vinosum was cultivated photolithoautotrophically with two types of elemental sulfur that differed in their cyclo-octasulfur : polymeric sulfur ratio, as well as with pure polymeric sulfur. Sulfur speciation was analysed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and sulfate contents were determined by HPLC to quantify the amount of elemental sulfur being taken up and oxidized by Alc. vinosum. The results show that Alc. vinosum uses only the polymeric sulfur (sulfur chain) fraction of elemental sulfur and is probably unable to take up and form sulfur globules from cyclo-octasulfur. Furthermore, direct cell–sulfur contact appears to be necessary for uptake of elemental sulfur by Alc. vinosum.
Sulfur Cycle
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Green sulfur bacteria
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The analysis of the problem of import-substitution poses broadly three problems of methodology: The first one is: what is meant by import-substitution or how to measure quantitatively the degree or the level of import-substitution. The second one is: how to evaluate the effects of a chosen import-substitution program. The third related problem is one of planning for "optimum" import-substitution program, so that an "optimum" plan may be suggested for a future period or the "optimum' process of import-substitution for the past may be derived and compared with the actual process of import substitution.
Substitution (logic)
Substitution method
Substitution effect
Substitution therapy
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X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge was applied to probe the speciation of sulfur of metabolically different sulfur-accumulating bacteria in situ. Fitting the spectra using a least-square fitting routine XANES reveals at least three different forms of sulfur in bacterial sulfur globules. Cyclooctasulfur dominates in the sulfur globules of Beggiatoa alba and the very recently described giant bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis. A second type of sulfur globules is present in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: here the sulfur occurs as polythionates. In contrast, in purple and green sulfur bacteria the sulfur mainly consists of sulfur chains, irrespective of whether it is accumulated in globules inside or outside the cells. These results indicate that the speciation of sulfur in the sulfur globules reflects the different ecological and physiological properties of different metabolic groups of bacteria.
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XANES
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Abstract Titanocenedicarbonyl, Cp2Ti(CO)2, activates the sulfur-sulfur bond in organic disulfides and sulfur homocycles like S6S7 and S8- Cyclic disulfides form chelating ligands with sulfur atoms attached to the Ti atom. The reaction with S6 yields a new compound with an eight sulfur atoms containing ligand. The novel titanocene compounds have been used as precursors for the synthesis of a series of methylene polysulfides.
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Abstract Available sulfur was determined in a greenhouse experiment with 30 surface soils from the Southeastern United States by growing cotton plants at six levels of applied sulfate‐sulfur, 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 ppm. The A value technique involving radiosulfur was used as an index of available sulfur. Sulfur A values varied from 9.8 ppm. to 42 ppm. A high degree of correlation was obtained between A values and the percent sulfur in the control plants. Growth responses from applied sulfate‐sulfur were also related to percent sulfur in the control plants and to A value sulfur in the soil. The total uptake of sulfur also was related closely to the total available sulfur in the soil ( A value plus fertilizer sulfur). A sixteen‐fold increase in the rate of sulfur addition increased the A value by approximately 20%.
Sulfur Cycle
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Import substitution, at present, has become one of the main directions of the technological development of our state. At the same time, import substitution is traditionally understood as the development of a complete or functional analogue of a particular product. The article shows two real examples of «indirect» import substitution, while the apparent cardinal difference in the objects of import substitution indicates (according to the author) that such an approach is fully justified and can be used not only in the field of industrial automation.
Substitution (logic)
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