Occurrence, distribution and health risk assessment of quinolone residues in cultured fish in southeast China
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Quinolone antibiotics are widely utilized in aquaculture, but little is known about the health effects of their residues. This study used UPLC-MS/MS to analyze the distribution of 11 quinolone antibiotics in cultured fish sold in a coastal city in southeast China - Fujian Province and to assess their health risks. The study found 35.77% of 260 cultured fish samples detected quinolones, with three exceeding the MRL and one containing the banned drug ofloxacin. Of the 11 quinolones tested, three were found in cultured fish, with enrofloxacin at up to 246.0 μg kgKeywords:
Quinolone
Health Risk Assessment
[Objective] To assess the health risk in urban water supply and illustrate the condition of basic water quality according to monitoring data of source water and finished water in Minhang district of Shanghai.[Methods] According to the monitoring data of source water and finished water of the waterworks in Minhang District of Shanghai in 2009,health risk assessment was made with the environment-health risk assessment model.[Results] The person-year risk for chemical carcinogenetic substances with genetic toxicity in drinking water ranked from high risk to low risk as:chromium(Cr6+),arsenic(As)and cadmium(Cd).The risk casued by Cr6+ and As accounted for 98.33% of total risk of the carcinogenic substances.The total risk of the three carcinogenetic substances was higher than the maximal acceptable risk value recommended by World Health Organization(WHO)and Environment Protection Agency(EPA)and was lower than the maximal acceptable value of International Commission on Radiological Protection(ICRP).The person-year risk for chemicals with non-genetic toxicity ranked from high to low as FCuPb(NO3-,NH3-N,Fe,Mn,Hg)ZnCN-1Se Volatile phenol.The risk caused by F,Cu and Pb accounted for 78% of total risk for chemicals with nongenetic toxicity.The total risk for non-genetic toxic substances was far lower than the acceptable risk value recommended by WHO,EPA,and ICRP and was at a relative safe level.The health risk caused by genetic toxic substances accounted for a considerable proportion(99%)in total health risk.[Conclusion] The health risk of urban water supply in Minhang District of Shanghai is mainly caused by carcinogenetic substances with genetic toxicity such as Cr6+ and As,which should be controlled in high priority.
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Objective To assess health risk of heavy metals in drinking water in Jiangsu Province.Methods Six heavy metals concentration were detected by ICP-MS analysis method.Health risk associated 6 heavy metals in drinking water were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model.Results The median concentration of six metals was:2 μg/L for Cr6+,0.5 μg/L for As,0.03 μg/L for Cd,0.36 μg/L for Pb,0.35 μg/L for Hg,5 μg/L for Zn.The carcinogenic risk level is:Cr6+ for 4.23×10-5/a,As for 5.66×10-6/a,Cd for 37.65×10-8/a.The non carcinogenic risk level is:Pb for 34.59×10-11/a,Hg for 16.35×10-10/a,Zn for 62.73×10-7/a.The rank of health risk is Cr6+ZnCdHgPb.The total health risk level is 5.47×10-5/a.Conclusion The total health risk level was higher than ICRP recommended level(5×10-5),while lower than US EPA recommended level(1×10-4).
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By analyzing the monitoring data of SO2,NO2 and PM10 from 2006 to 2011 with Health Risk Assessment Model recommended by U. S Environmental Protection Agency,the paper makes a health risk assessment on main air pollutants in Yulin. Results shows that 1) SO2 and NO2content,which varies with seasons,is higher in winter and lower in summer; 2) because of the dusty weather,the content of PM10 reaches peak in the first and second quarter of a yea; 3) the health risk caused by SO2 and NO2inhalation is from 1. 964 99 × 10-9to 9. 851 47 × 10-9,which is much less than the total health risk 4. 497 46 × 10-9to 1. 343 254 × 10-8; 4) the non-carcinogenic risk of man is the highest,following by women and children.
Health Risk Assessment
Quarter (Canadian coin)
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Health Risk Assessment
Inhalation exposure
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Objective To assess the health risk of heavy metals in rice from key areas in a city. Methods Based on the distribution of pollution sources,34 rice samples were collected in 2012 from key areas of A county,B county and C county. Five kinds of heavy metals were detected. Health risk associated with the five kinds of heavy metals were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results The total rate of over standard was 52. 9% and the mean concentrations of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb were 0. 183 mg / kg,0. 115 mg / kg,0. 049 mg / kg,0. 014 mg / kg and 0. 247 mg / kg respectively. The total health risk level was 6. 12 × 10- 4/ a and the health risk levels in A,B and C county were 7. 01 × 10- 4/ a,5. 19 × 10- 4/ a and 6. 20 × 10- 4/ a respectively. Conclusion The total health risks of three counties are higher than USEPA recommended level( 1 × 10- 4/ a).
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The conentrations distribution of Cd in drinking water in Ningbo was studied based on a total of 36 random samples.The health risks associated with Cd on drinking water were assessed using US EPA health risk assessment model.The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in drinking water in Ningbo ranged from 0 μg/L to 3.2 μg/L for Cd.Among the health risks caused by the carcinogenic risks in drinking water,the largest risk associated with Cd should be in Qiuga county(8.7×10-6·a-1) while it was signifiantly lower than the maxi-mum allowane levels recommended by ECRP(5×10-5·a-1).The main risk pollution was Cd by comparing with other areas,so Cd should be prior dealed with.
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This paper assesses the environmental health risk through drinking water based on the model for water environmental health risk analysis and the monitoring data from 1995 to 2004.The results show that the greatest health risks for individual person per year is caused by Cr(VI);the health risk of carcinogens is much higher than the health risk of non-carcinogens;the health risk in the sections which is higher than the standard value recommended by ICRP has decreased from 1995 to 2004,but the health risk in six sections is still higher than the standard value in 2004 which caused by the high concentrations of Cr(VI)and As.So the effective way of decreasing the health risk is to control and dispose the wastewater containing Cr(VI)and As discharging into the Second Songhua River.
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Dispose pattern
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The concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Hg, and As in vegetables collected from the industrial areas in suburban Shanghai were analyzed before and after washing. Results showed that the average concentrations (fresh weight) of Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, Hg, and As in washed vegetables were 0.023, 4.444, 0.112, 0.826, 0.004, and 0.094 mg·kg-1, respectively. Amaranth accumulated the highest Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu, while pakchoi accumulated the highest Hg and As. There was no significant difference of heavy metals between different sites. Washing vegetables prior to cooking reduced the health risk for heavy metals related to the consumption of vegetables. A health risk evaluation indicated that more than 55% of the Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) came from As, while the other elements contributed less than 1, indicating that the health risk from vegetable consumption was mainly caused by As. Children have higher health risks than adults when eating the same vegetables.
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Hazard quotient
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Objective The health risks of drinking water in two villages at different distances from Shaying river were preliminary evaluated and compared.Method Based on the detection of major pollutants in drinking water,health risks induced by drinking water pathway were preliminary evaluated by health risk models.Results The health risks of drinking water in the two villages caused by carcinogens were ranked as Cr~(6+) As Cd.The risk values of Cr~(6+) and As were higher than the maximum acceptable levels recommended by ICRP(5.0 x 105 /a).The health risks caused by non carcinogens were ranked as F Pb Hg CN~- NH_3-N volatile phenols,exceeding the maximum acceptable levels(10~(-6) /a),and F-is the major risk factor.Conclusion The health risks of drinking water in the two villages existed,and the health risk value of drinking water in Baiguo village were appreciably higher,it is possibly due to its shorter distance to Shaying river.
Health Risk Assessment
Water source
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