A new 2-pyrrolidinone from Cladosporium sp. associated with Rubus tephrodes
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Keywords:
Rubus
Cladosporium
Rubus
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SSR analysis was performed on 6 species of Rubus from Romanian flora and 20 N- American and N-European cultivars, in order to asse ss the molecular taxonomic relation between Romanian Rubus species and N-American and N-European Rubus cultivars, to estimate the genetically potential of this material and to identify material for crossing program. Six Rubus Romanian species were identified by botanists based on their morphologica l characteristics: Rubus caesius, Rubus plicatus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus discolor, Rubus plicatus subsp. opacu s and Rubus hirtus . The N-European and N-American Rubus cultivars were provide by SCRI. We used twenty SSR primers pairs fluorescently labeled on the left primer with ABI fluorescent dyes HEX, FAM or TET. The PCR products were prepared according to Macaulay et al.(2001) for analysis on the ABI Prism 377. The reproducibility of the results confirm th at SSR markers are very efficient to: 1. to characteri ze the Rubus species from Romanian spontaneous flora; 2. to characterize the N-American and N-European Rubus cultivars; 3. to compare the Romanian Rubus species with N-American and N-European Rubus cultivars; 4. to accomplish dendrograms based on a ll results; 5. to develop a crossing program based on all the analysis processed.
Rubus
Blowing a raspberry
Flora
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SummaryAssessing infection in individually spaced fruit picked at intervals throughout the ripening season and stored for 72 h at ambient temperature and high humidity, was a rapid and effective method of evaluating breeding material for resistance to fruit-rotting fungi. Clonal differences in susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium and Alternaria spp. were recorded in 10 red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cvs and 13 selections. Low susceptibility to Botrytis was associated with low susceptibility to Cladosporium and Alternaria. Susceptibility to cane Botrytis was correlated with the incidence of fruit infection after storage. Fruit weight and susceptibility to Botrytis, Alternaria and Cladosporium infection were also associated, but there was some potential for selecting large-fruited rot-resistant types. Selections with the lowest incidence of fruit Botrytis all included R. occidentalis, the black raspberry, in their ancestry.
Rubus
Blowing a raspberry
Botrytis
Cladosporium
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Abstract The genus Cladosporium Link is one of the most well-known dark molds causing sapwood discoloration. Although the Cladosporium species are widespread in the world, little is known about the extent to which they stain wood. Twenty-eight isolates from seven different tree species in Korea were obtained and investigated in this study. Nine species, including three unknown Cladosporium species, were identified based on their genotypic characteristics. Cladosporium cladosporioides was the dominant species, followed by C. rectoides , C. perangustum , C. pseudocladosporioides , C. tenuissimum , and C. ramotenellum . Their discoloration ability was determined with sapwood blocks of Japanese red pine ( Pinus densiflora ) and radiata pine ( Pinus radiata ). On both blocks, Cladosporium tenuissimum and C. cladosporioides showed the highest level of discoloration.
Cladosporium cladosporioides
Cladosporium
Pinus radiata
Radiata
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Білім берy қоғaмның экономикaлық дaмyының негізі, әлеyметтік тұрaқтылықтың фaкторлaрының бірі, хaлықтың рyхaни-aдaмгершілік әлеyетінің және интеллектyaлдық өсyінің қaйнaр көзі ретінде бaрлық yaқыттaрдa тaптырмaс құндылық болып есептеліп келеді. Aл қaзіргідей aдaм кaпитaлын қaлыптaстырy мен дaмытy мәселесін шешy негізгі міндет ретінде қaрaстырылaтын зaмaндa хaлықтың білімдік қaжеттіліктері өсіп, жоғaры, ортa aрнayлы, кәсіби қосымшa білім aлyғa үміткерлер сaны aртa түсyде. Бұғaн жayaп ретінде білім берy ұйымдaрының сaлaлaнyы aртып, әртүрлі типтегі оқy орындaрының сaны aртyдa, білім берyдің инфрaқұрылымы, бaсқaрy формaлaры, әдістемелік, ғылыми қызмет түрлері дaмyдa. Олaрды білім aлyшылaрдың жеке сұрaныстaры мен мүмкіндіктеріне бaғыттay күшейтілyде. Осығaн орaй білімнің сaпaсынa қойылaтын тaлaптaр aртып, бұл сaлaның әлеyметпен өзaрa әрекеттестігіне негізделген құрылымдық – қызметтік дaмyының көкейтестілігі aртyдa. Мaқaлaдa «серіктестік», «әлеyметтік серіктестік», «білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік» ұғым- дaрының мәні aшылып, олaрдың қaлыптaсy және дaмy үрдісіне шолy жaсaлaды, жоғaры оқy орындaрындa педaгогтaрды дaярлayдa әлеyметтік серіктестердің әлеyетін пaйдaлaнyдa бaсшылыққa aлынaтын ұстaнымдaр мен тиімді жолдaры сипaттaлaды. Түйін сөздер: серіктестік, әлеyметтік серіктестік, білімдегі әлеyметтік серіктестік, бірлескен әрекет ұстaнымдaры, әлеуметтік серіктестік әлеуеті. Обрaзовaние является основой экономического рaзвития обществa, одним из фaкторов социaль- ной стaбильности, источником дyховно-нрaвственного потенциaлa и интеллектyaльного ростa людей и во все временa считaлось незaменимой ценностью. И в нaстоящее время, когдa решение проблемы формировaния и рaзвития человеческого кaпитaлa рaссмaтривaется кaк основнaя зaдaчa, рaстyт обрaзовaтельные потребности людей, yвеличивaется количество желaющих полyчить высшее, среднее, специaльное, профессионaльное дополнительное обрaзовaние. В ответ нa это yсиливaется рaзветвленность обрaзовaтельных оргaнизaций, yвеличивaется количество обрaзовaтельных оргaни- зaций рaзличного типa, рaзвивaются инфрaстрyктyрa обрaзовaния, формы yпрaвления, методическaя и нayчнaя деятельность. Yсиливaется их ориентaция нa индивидyaльные потребности и возможности обyчaющихся. В связи с этим повышaются требовaния к кaчествy обрaзовaния, возрaстaет знaчение стрyктyрно-фyнкционaльного рaзвития этой сферы нa основе взaимодействия с обществом. В стaтье рaскрывaется знaчение понятий «пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство», «социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии», рaссмaтривaется процесс их стaновления и рaзвития, описывaются рyко- водящие принципы и эффективные способы использовaния потенциaлa социaльных пaртнеров в подготовке педaгогических кaдров в высших yчебных зaведениях. Ключевые словa: партнерство, социaльное пaртнерство, социaльное пaртнерство в обрaзовaнии, принципы совместного действия, поненциал социального партнерство. Education is the basis of the economic development of society, one of the factors of social stability, a source of spiritual and moral potential and intellectual growth of people and has always been considered an irreplaceable value. And at the present time, when the solution of the problem of the formation and development of human capital is considered as the main task, the educational needs of people are growing, the number of people wishing to receive higher, secondary, special, professional additional education is increasing. In response to this, the branching of educational organizations is increasing, the number of educational organizations of various types is increasing, the infrastructure of education, forms of management, methodological and scientific activities are developing. Their focus on the individual needs and capabilities of students is increasing. In this regard, the requirements for the quality of education are increasing, the importance of the structural and functional development of this sphere on the basis of interaction with society is increasing. The article reveals the meaning of the concepts of "partnership", "social partnership", "social partnership in education", examines the process of their formation and development, describes the guidelines and effective ways to use the potential of social partners in the training of teachers in higher educational institutions. Keywords: partnership, social partnership, social partnership in education, principles of joint action, the potential of social partnership.
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Abstract A description is provided for Gnomonia rostellata . Some information on its dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Canada (Ontario), USA (California, North Carolina, Oregon), Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK and former Yugoslavia), hosts ( Fragaria sp., Rosa rugosa, Rosa sp., Rubus allegheniensis, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus idaeus subsp. sachalinensis , Rubus laciniatus, Rubus parviflorus, Rubus villosus and Rubus sp.) and associated fungi ( Lophiostoma fuckelii, Otthia spiraeae and Mollisia rosae ).
Rubus
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SUMMARY The distribution of distinct isolates of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) in Rubus in England was studied. Isolates similar in Rubus host range to the Scottish type isolate (D200) were largely confined to the old red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ) cv. Norfolk Giant, but were also encountered in a single plant of an unidentified raspberry cultivar and in a clump of wild R. idaeus. Outside East Mailing Research Station (EMRS) RBDV isolates with wider Rubus host ranges than that of the type isolate were found only and exclusively in hybrid berries (Loganberry, clones LY59 and L654, and Tayberry) in which infection ranged from < 1% to 100%. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Rubus
Blowing a raspberry
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HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (BAT3) was originally identified as one of the genes located within human major histocompatibility complex. It encodes a large proline-rich protein with unknown function. In this study, we found that a fragment of the BAT3 gene product interacts with a candidate tumor suppressor, DAN, in the yeast-based two-hybrid system. We cloned the full-length rat BAT3 cDNA from a fibroblast 3Y1 cDNA library. Our sequence analysis has demonstrated that rat BAT3 cDNA is 3617 nucleotides in length and encodes a full-length BAT3 (1098 amino acids) with an estimated molecular mass of 114,801 daltons, which displays an 87.4% identity with human BAT3. The deletion experiment revealed that the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 1-80) of DAN was required for the interaction with BAT3. Green fluorescent protein-tagged BAT3 was largely localized in the cytoplasm of COS cells. Northern hybridization showed that BAT3 mRNA was expressed in all the adult rat tissues examined but predominantly in testis. In addition, the level of BAT3 mRNA expression was more downregulated in some of the transformed cells, including v-mos- and v-Ha-ras-transformed 3Y1 cells, than in the parental cells.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
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musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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