Hyperfine-Enhanced Gyroscope Based on Solid-State Spins
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Solid-state platforms based on electronuclear spin systems are attractive candidates for rotation sensing due to their excellent sensitivity, stability, and compact size, compatible with industrial applications. Conventional spin-based gyroscopes measure the accumulated phase of a nuclear spin superposition state to extract the rotation rate and thus suffer from spin dephasing. Here, we propose a gyroscope protocol based on a two-spin system that includes a spin intrinsically tied to the host material, while the other spin is isolated. The rotation rate is then extracted by measuring the relative rotation angle between the two spins starting from their population states, robust against spin dephasing. In particular, the relative rotation rate between the two spins can be enhanced by their hyperfine coupling by more than an order of magnitude, further boosting the achievable sensitivity. The ultimate sensitivity of the gyroscope is limited by the lifetime of the spin system and compatible with a broad dynamic range, even in the presence of magnetic noise or control errors due to initialization and qubit manipulations. Our result enables precise measurement of slow rotations and exploration of fundamental physics.Atomic beam
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A new virtual gyroscope with multi-gyroscope and accelerometer array (MGAA) is proposed in this article for improving the performance of angular rate measurement. Outputs of the virtual gyroscope are obtained by merging the signals from gyroscopes and accelerometers through a novel Kalman filter, which intentionally takes the consideration of the MEMS gyroscope error model and kinematics theory of rigid body. A typical configuration of the virtual gyroscope, consisting of four accelerometers and three gyroscopes mounted on designated positions, is initiated to verify the feasibility of the virtual gyroscope with MGAA. Static test and dynamic test are performed subsequently to evaluate its performance. The angular random walk (ARW) and bias instability, two static performance parameters of gyroscope, are reduced from 0.019°/√s and 14.4°/h to 0.0074°/√s and 8.7°/h, respectively. The average root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced from 0.274°/s to 0.133°/s under dynamic test. Compared with the published multi-gyroscope array method, the virtual gyroscope proposed here has a better performance both in static and dynamic tests, with improvement factors of ARW and RMSE about 44.1% and 44.5% higher, respectively.
Rate integrating gyroscope
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Abstract Micro-gyroscopes using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) are the new-generation and recently well-developed gyroscopes produced by the combinations of the traditional gyroscope technology and MEMS/MOEMS technologies. According to the working principle and used materials, the newly-reported micro-gyroscopes in recent years include the silicon-based micromechanical vibratory gyroscope, hemispherical resonant gyroscope, piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope, suspended rotor gyroscope, microfluidic gyroscope, optical gyroscope, and atomic gyroscope. According to different sensitive structures, the silicon-based micromechanical vibratory gyroscope can also be divided into double frame type, tuning fork type, vibrating ring type, and nested ring type. For those micro-gyroscopes, in recent years, many emerging techniques are proposed and developed to enhance different aspects of performances, such as the sensitivity, angle random walk (ARW), bias instability (BI), and bandwidth. Therefore, this paper will firstly review the main performances and applications of those newly-developed MEMS/MOEMS gyroscopes, then comprehensively summarize and analyze the latest research progress of the micro-gyroscopes mentioned above, and finally discuss the future development trends of MEMS/MOEMS gyroscopes.
Tuning fork
Rate integrating gyroscope
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Rate integrating gyroscope
Ring Laser Gyroscope
Tuning fork
Fibre optic gyroscope
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Pure rotational transitions of 52Cr14N and 98Mo14N radicals in their X 4Σ− state were recorded using a pump/probe microwave-optical double resonance (PPMODR) technique from which the hyperfine parameters of 14N (I=1) were precisely determined. In addition, the (0,0) A 4Π–X 4Σ band system of 53CrN was recorded from which the hyperfine parameters of 53Cr (I=32) were determined. The newly determined hyperfine interactions for 53Cr and 14N in CrN and 14N in MoN and the previously determined hyperfine interactions for other early transition metal mononitrides were analyzed using a simple, single configurational, model. The improved set of fine structure parameters for the CrN and MoN are discussed in terms of possible electronic state distributions.
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The Fermi contact contribution to the hyperfine fields on Fe nuclei in Y2Fe17, Y6Fe23, YFe3, YFe2, and Y2Fe14B has been calculated by means of first principles self-consistent band structure calculations. The calculated and experimental hyperfine fields are strongly correlated, but, similar to results reported earlier for elemental Fe, the absolute values of all calculated hyperfine fields are systematically too small. The 4s electron contribution to the hyperfine fields is shown to result in significant deviations from a simple proportionality relation between the hyperfine fields and the local Fe moments.
Fermi contact interaction
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Origin of the Anisotropic Part of the Hyperfine Interaction Determination and Interpretation of the Hyperfine Matrix Combined g and Hyperfine Anisotropy Multiple Hyperfine Matrices Systems With I > ½ Hyperfine Powder Lineshapes References Notes Further Reading Problems
Matrix (chemical analysis)
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