Possible Indication of the Impact of the Storegga Slide Tsunami on the German North Sea Coast around 8150 cal BP
Andreas VöttHanna HadlerTimo WillershäuserAron SlabonLena SlabonH. WahlenPeter FischerFriederike BungenstockBjörn R. RöbkeManfred FrechenAlf GrubeFrank Sirocko
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The Storegga slide tsunami (SST) at ca. 8100 ± 100–250 cal BP is known to be the largest tsunami that affected the North Sea during the entire Holocene. Geological traces of tsunami landfall were discovered along the coasts of Norway, Scotland, England, Denmark, the Faroes and Shetland Islands. So far, the German North Sea coast has been considered as being well protected due to the wide continental shelf and predominant shallow water depths, both assumed to dissipate tsunami wave energy significantly, thus hindering SST propagation dynamics. The objective of our research was to clarify if the SST reached the German Bight and if corresponding sediment markers can be found. Our research was based on the in-depth investigation of a 5 m long section of the research core Garding-2 from Eiderstedt Peninsula near Garding in North Frisia known from a previous study. For this, we newly recovered sediment core Garding-2A at exactly the same coring location as core Garding-2. Additionally, high-resolution Direct Push sensing data were collected to gain undisturbed stratigraphic information. Multi-proxy analyses of sediment material (grain size, geochemical, geochronological and microfaunal data) were carried out to reconstruct palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographical conditions. We identified a high-energy event layer with sedimentological (e.g., erosional unconformity, rip-up clasts, fining-upward), microfaunal (e.g., strongly mixed foraminiferal assemblage) and other features typical of tsunami influence and identical in age with the SST, dated to ca. 8.15 ka cal BP. The event layer was deposited at or maximum ca. 1–1.5 m below the local contemporary relative sea level and several tens of kilometers inland from the coastline within the palaeo-Eider estuarine system beyond the reach of storm surges. Tsunami facies and geochronological data correspond well with SST signatures identified on the nearby island of Rømø. SST candidate deposits identified at Garding represent the southernmost indications of this event in the southeastern North Sea. They give evidence, for the first time, of high-energy tsunami landfall along the German North Sea coast and tsunami impact related to the Storegga slide. SST deposits seem to have been subsequently reworked and redeposited over centuries until the site was affected by the Holocene marine transgression around 7 ka cal BP (7.3–6.5 ka cal BP). Moreover, the transgression initiated energetically and ecologically stable shallow marine conditions within an Eider-related tidal channel, lasting several millennia. It is suggested that the SST was not essentially weakened across the shallow continental shelf of the North Sea, but rather caused tsunami run-up of several meters (Rømø Island) or largely intruded estuarine systems tens of kilometers inland (North Frisia, this study). We, therefore, assume that the southern North Sea coast was generally affected by the SST but sedimentary signals have not yet been identified or have been misinterpreted. Our findings suggest that the German North Sea coast is not protected from tsunami events, as assumed so far, but that tsunamis are also a phenomenon in this region.Cite
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Berta Gertzoff – dairy farmer's widow, 40s, German immigrant, speaks German and English with German accent Sonya Gertzoff – daughter, 20, German-American Emma Gertzoff – daughter, 16, German-American Peter Gertzoff – son, 10, German-American Peggy Downing – banker's wife and town busybody, 40s, American as apple pie Jack Downing – banker, married to Peggy, 40s, American Rolf – German POW, 18, speaks German and English with a German accent Gunther – German POW, 22, speaks German and English with a German accent
Stress
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This study explored how 296 U.S. learners of five foreign languages (FLs), including German, imagined stereotypical native speakers (NSs) and likely learners of German. Results showed that (a) when students of different languages imagined NSs of German, they emphasized different stereotypes; learners of German named the most and the most diverse stereotypes, which was particularly remarkable as all groups emphasized negative characteristics; (b) descriptions of characteristics of NSs corresponded with those of learners of German; (c) many respondents—especially those who were not students of German—considered heritage connections as an essential characteristic of a learner of German; and (d) non-learners of German gave more detailed descriptions of likely learners than of NSs of German. Results outline pathways of imagined self- and other-exclusion from German-speaking communities, which, in turn, raise questions about how the study of a foreign language can reach its stated goals of personal transformation.
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Research Article| August 01 2007 The Non-German German and the German German: Dilemmas of Identity after the Holocaust A. Dirk Moses A. Dirk Moses Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google New German Critique (2007) 34 (2 (101)): 45–94. https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-2007-003 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation A. Dirk Moses; The Non-German German and the German German: Dilemmas of Identity after the Holocaust. New German Critique 1 August 2007; 34 (2 (101)): 45–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0094033X-2007-003 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsNew German Critique Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. New German Critique, Inc.2007 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
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This article challenges the widely accepted view that cultural expressions of Germanness disappeared during World War I in the United States by examining the response of German restaurants to anti-German sentiments. German restaurants in San Francisco responded to the rise of anti-German sentiments in three distinct ways: First, some German restaurateurs veiled German cuisine as American cuisine, adding San Francisco specialties to the menu, and Americanizing the interior of the restaurant; Second, proprietors increasingly relied on non-Germans to decide the quality of the restaurant; Third, German restaurateurs founded new restaurants that openly continued the traditions of turn-of-the-century San Francisco German restaurants.
First world war
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realize that scientific German teaches them primarily to translate from German into English and familiarizes them with German scientific literature. They therefore have not significantly improved their ability to speak or write German. Seeing the large volume of German scientific literature and recognizing its importance, many of the students do decide to continue their German study in their junior and/or senior years. Almost 50% of the scientific German students take at least one more German course.
German studies
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