Fabrication of a straw-based degradable mulch film with magnetically controlled-release glyphosate
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Rice straw
The straw mulching after film uncovered technique is an improved tobacco cultivation mode based on the plastic firm mulching and straw mulching cover patterns. This paper reviews the cause and efficacy of dual- mode covering cultivation mode with straw mulching after film cover pattern,and raised the prospect of research direction on double coverage model.
Mode (computer interface)
Plastic film
Dual mode
Rice straw
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In recent years,the water resource is more and more short.In the area of drought and half-drought,the straw mulching is used largely in the crop cultivation and the technique is more matured.The effects and mechanisms on the straw mulching are studied more and more deeply.In this paper,it is simply summarized that the effects of straw mulching on the environment and the plant,and the questions studied still are brought up.
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To reveal the mechanisms of straw mulching amounts and mulching periods on soil moisture in the black soil zone of Northeast China. Three types of straw mulching (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 kg/m 2 ) and two mulching periods (sowing stage and three-leaf stage) were set up as interactive experiments, and no straw mulching was used as the control (CK) to analyze the response mechanisms of soil moisture content, water consumption, and water use efficiency to straw mulching periods and mulching amounts at different depths. The results showed that straw mulching improved the moisture storage capacity compared with no straw mulching, and the straw mulching rate of 0.8 kg/m 2 at the three-leaf stage improved the moisture storage capacity and reduced the water consumption capacity compared with the straw mulching at the sowing stage, CK and other straw mulching treatments at the three-leaf stage; the crop yield and water use efficiency increased and then decreased with the increase of straw mulching. The increase of crop yield and water use efficiency under the straw mulching treatments at the three-leaf stage was higher than that under the same straw mulching treatments at the sowing stage. The analysis of the dual effects of straw mulching amounts and mulching periods on moisture gain and loss showed that the straw mulching amounts of 0.8 kg/m 2 at the three-leaf stage had the best effect on soil moisture characteristics and water use efficiency.
Water Use Efficiency
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To alleviate the problems of soil desiccation and the growth inhibition of apple roots by high soil temperature under summer mulching condition in apple orchards of Weibei region,film mulching was combined with straw mulching to preserve soil water and buffer high temperature.A comprehensive evaluation was conduced to evaluate four different dual mulching modes such as film over long wheat straw,long wheat straw over film,film over short wheat straw,and film over maize straw,with respect to the aspects of moisture conservation,temperature adjusting and mulching effects on apple yield.Results show mulching treatment of film over short wheat straw,compared with other treatments,increased annually averaged water storage by 1 529.2 mm and annually averaged water content by 25.71% in the 0~600 cm soil profile,which is beneficial to water utilization by fruit trees.The mulching treatment of film over short wheat straw increased soil temperature in spring and autumn but reduced soil temperature in summer,indicating a better effect ton buffering soil temperature.All these four mulching treatments showed improvement of apple yield,single fruit weight and optimal fruit rate.The mulching treatment of film over short wheat straw,having the highest single fruit weight(48 kg) and optimal fruit rate(85%),was the best dual mulching mode.
Plastic film
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Three forms of mulching (plastic film mulching, two forms of straw mulching and CK) of tea plantation were compared to learn the role of mulching in warming and insulation in winter. The continuous investigation in 23 days on the lowest and highest temperatures on the mulching materials surface and the corresponding soil surface was conducted. The lowest correlation coefficient for the lowest temperature among measuring points is 0.889 and that for the highest temperature is 0.813 — both are at 0.01 level of significance. This indicates that temperature field is highly correlated. Compared with CK, straw mulching increases the lowest temperature by 1.2 ℃, while plastic film mulching by 0.2 ℃. The insulation effect of straw mulching is more significant compared with plastic film mulching, and is independent on the straw depth in sunny days. In cloudy and rainy or snow days, insulation effect of both the straw and plastic film mulching decreases, however, the straw mulching causes less decrease which is negatively correlated with straw depth. In sunny, the plastic film mulching increases the soil surface temperature, but, in cloudy days, not significant warming effect is observed. The warming effect of straw mulching is more obvious than that of plastic film mulching, and dependent on the type of straw, which is divided into four types, dry straw in sunny day, wet straw in sunny day, dry straw in cloudy day, and wet straw in cloudy day. In summation, compared with plastic film mulching, straw mulching has a better warming and insulation effect, zero pollution and a rich origin. Straw mulching is therefore more suitable for use as a cold-resistance material in the winter.
Plastic film
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It is of various effects to apply straw mulching technique in arid and semiarid area,for example,preserving soil moisture.The research shows that: the wheat or maize straw mulching can increase 2～5 percent and the water application efficiency can improve 25 percent in the whole growing season.
Dryland farming
Growing season
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Advantages of the straw mulch compared with mulched by gravel and sand,plastic film,chemical were analyzed.Based on research status of straw mulch,problems and developmental directions of straw mulch in the future were presented.
Rice straw
Plastic mulch
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The experiments during 2002~2003 indicated that the yields of 6 varieties of winter wheat responded differently to straw mulching due to the discrepancies of their physiological and ecological traits, and the straw mulching treatments showed an obvious water-saving effect. The varieties 8901 and 6365 were not sensitive to low temperature of straw mulching in spring, and their yield and WUE were increased under straw mulching. It was the accumulation effects of yield components that led to the difference of the yield. The integrated order of WUE of the 6 varieties, under mulch and full irrigation, non-mulch and full irrigation, and non-mulch and deficit irrigation, showed the same law as the total dry matter accumulation and its distribution to spike, stem and leaves, but the contrary law to its distribution to yellow leaves.
Winter wheat
Water Use Efficiency
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[Objective] In order to study the straw mulching for water-saving production problems in Heilongjiang Province of the Songnen Plain area. [Method] Based on the field measured data,the soil moisture content,maize growth and soil water use efficiency under different conditions of straw mulching were analyzed. [Result]The soil moisture content under the conditions of straw mulching was higher than no cover processing as a whole. Among them,under the straw mulching quantity of 10 t / hm2,the soil moisture content was highest in 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer,the soil water retention ability was the strongest. Under the straw mulching conditions,the growth of corn shape was better than no cover processing,reflected a strong advantage. At the same time,under the straw mulching quantity of 10 t / hm2,the crop yield and soil water use efficiency was the highest. [Conclusion]The study provided theoretical basis for science for straw mulching technology in Songnen Plain region.
Water Use Efficiency
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The results of a field experiment of different mulching methods with whole maize straw showed that different mulching methods had different effect on maize yield. The best method in this experiment was the combination of mulching with plastic film and maize straw. The yield of dual mulching was 36 0%～54 5% higher than CK, and the yield of mulching with maize straw only was 40.8% higher than CK.
Dry land
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