Revealing the Key Role of Acidic Oxygen-Containing Groups on Activated Carbon for Low-Temperature NH3-SCR Denitration
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Activated carbon and five kinds of metal-ion-substituted activated carbons, viz. Ag + -activated carbon, Cu 2+ -activated carbon, Fe 3+ -activated carbon, Ba 2+ -activated carbon and Ca 2+ -activated carbon, were prepared. A model for estimating the activation energy of desorption was established. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of n-hexanol and hence estimate the activation energy for n-hexanol desorption from the various activated carbons. The results showed that the activation energies for n-hexanol desorption from the Ag + -activated carbon, the Cu 2+ -activated carbon and the Fe 3+ -activated carbon were higher than those from the unsubstituted activated carbon, the Ca 2+ -activated carbon and the Ba 2+ -activated carbon.
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The oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of Chlamys farreri were studied from April to June, 1999. The results showed that the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates of Chlamys farreri were positively correlated with water temperature, and negatively correlated with its body weight under appropriate temperature conditions. Under the test temperature (8-28 degrees C), the oxygen consumption rate ranged from 0.48 to 9.09 mg.g-1.h-1, and the ammonia-N excretion rate ranged from 0.05 to 1.01 mg.g-1.h-1. With the raising water temperature, the oxygen consumption rate reached peak value at 23 degrees C, and began to decrease at 28 degrees C. The ammonia-N excretion rate continuously increased from 8 to 28 degrees C. The routine metabolism of Chlamys farreri under treatment was obvious higher than the standard metabolism, and the oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion rates increased by 35.8% and 75.9%, respectively.
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Removal of methyl mercaptan was investigated using adsorption on virgin activated carbon (VAC) and modified activated carbons with acidic chemicals in the present work. CAC, NAC, AAC and SAC were represented as activated carbons modified with HCl, HNO3, CH3COOH and H2SO4, respectively. The pore structures were evaluated using nitrogen isotherm. The surface properties of virgin activated carbon and modified activated carbons were characterized by EA, pH of carbon surface and acid value from Boehm titration. The modification of activated carbon with acidic chemicals resulted in a decrease in BET surface area, micropore volume and surface pH, but an increase in acid value. The order of the adsorption capacity of activated carbons was NAC>AAC>SAC>CAC>VAC, and in agreement with that of acid value of activated carbons, whereas in disagreement with that of micropore volume of activated carbons. It appeared that chemical adsorption played an important role in methyl mercaptan on modified activated carbons with acidic chemicals compared to virgin activated carbon.
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In this paper,six kinds of activated carbons such as Ag^+-activated carbon,Cu^2+activated carbon,Fe^3+-activated carbon,activated carbon,Ba^2+-activated carbon and Ca^2+activated carbon were prepared.The model for estimating activated energy of desorption was established.Temperature-programmed desorption(TPD)experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of n-hexanol and then estimate the activation energy for desorption of n-hexanol on the activated carbons.Results showed that the activation energy for the desorption of n-hexanol on the Ag^+-activated carbon,the Cu^2+-activated carbon and the Fe^3+-activated carbon were higher than those of n-hexanol on the activated carbon,the Ca^2+-activated carbon and the Ba^2+-activated carbon.
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Organometallic Chemistry
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Organometallic Chemistry
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Three kinds of commercial activated carbons, such as Norit RB1, Monolith and Chemviron activated carbons, were used as adsorbents for adsorption of dibenzofuran. The average pore size and specific surface area of these activated carbons were measured. Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of dibenzofuran on the activated carbons, and then the activation energy for desorption of dibenzofuran on the activated carbons was estimated. The results showed that the Chemviron and the Norit RB1 activated carbon maintained higher specific surface area and larger micropore pore volume in comparison with the Monolith activated carbon, and the activation energy for the desorption of dibenzofuran on these two activated carbons was higher than that on the Monolith activated carbon. The smaller the pore of the activated carbon was, the higher the activated energy of dibenzofuran desorption was.
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In this paper, six kinds of activated carbons such as Ag+-activated carbon, Cu2+- activated carbon, Fe3+- activated carbon, activated carbon, Ba2+- activated carbon and Ca2+- activated carbon were prepared. The model for estimating activated energy of desorption was established. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of n-hexanol and then estimate the activation energy for desorption of n-hexanol on the activated carbons. Results showed that the activation energy for the desorption of n-hexanol on the Ag+- activated carbon, the Cu2+- activated carbon and the Fe3+- activated carbon were higher than those of n-hexanol on the activated carbon, the Ca2+- activated carbon and the Ba2+- activated carbon.
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The purpose of this paper is to attempt to elucidate the nature of carbon-oxygen complexes existing on the carbon surface during its gasification in oxygen, and their role in the CO and CO{sub 2} formation. On the basis of analysis of the CO/CO{sub 2} ratio dependence on the amount of oxygen on the surface, and on the carbon graphitic structure, it was assumed that basal carbon-oxygen complexes could be present on the surface during reaction. In order to confirm this assumption, semiempirical molecular calculations were performed using a MOPAC 5.1 software with Unrestricted Hartree-Fock method and PM3 semiempirical potential. Results of calculations show that the bond energy of oxygen atom on the basal plane varies from 26 to 69 kcal/mole, depending on the amount of surrounding edge carbon-oxygen complexes. It was also concluded that there is a possibility of transition of oxygen atoms from the edge to the basal plane.
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