Plant Growth Enhancement under Combined Amendments of Food Waste Digestate and Rhizosphere Microbial Co-Occurrence
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Food waste contributes to environmental degradation by emitting greenhouse gases and depleting natural resources, but it also exacerbates global hunger and poverty. This study investigated the use of food waste digestate (FWD) as fertilizer on ornamental plant (Piper sarmentosum) cultivation under soil amendment growing media such as organic compost (OC), biochar, and rice husk (RH) in a 56-day trial. A significant increase in plant growth was observed in the potting mix with soil amendments combined with the application of FWD in comparison to the potting mix without the application. In comparison to soil amendments such as OC, FWD found a higher chlorophyll content index of 1.48%. In comparison to biochar, this was followed by 2.76% higher and 1.29% higher than RH. Furthermore, the number of leaves and leaf areas of plants increased significantly (>2%) with FWD added to soil amendments in comparison with OC and RH. The identified microbial phyla were Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota, and some have closed to networking, like Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were listed as plant growth-promoting microbe groups in the study. This approach promotes plant growth and offers a sustainable solution to recycling FW into fertilizer.Keywords:
Digestate
Amendment
Potting soil
Husk
Food Waste
Effectiveness of drinking water treatment, in particular pathogen control during the water treatment process, is always a major public health concern. In this investigation, the application of PCR-DGGE technology to the analysis of microbial community structures and dynamics in the drinking water treatment process revealed several dominant microbial populations including: α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria Firmicutes and Cyanobacteria. α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria during the whole process. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria before and after treatment, respectively. Firmicutes showed season-dependent changes in population dynamics. Importantly, γ-Proteobacteria, which is a class of medically important bacteria, was well controlled by the O3/biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment, resulting in improved effluent water bio-safety.
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Food waste (FW), a major part of the US waste stream, causes greenhouse gases within landfills, but there is an opportunity to divert FW to anaerobic digestion (AD) facilities that produce biogas and digestate fertilizer. The composition of FW inputs to AD determines the value of these products. This study provides insight into the effect of waste composition on the quality of AD products by first characterizing the biogas and digestate quality of anaerobically digested FW from four diets (paleolithic, ketogenic, vegetarian, and omnivorous), and then estimating the difference in biogas produced from codigested FW and brewery waste (BW). Waste feedstock mixtures were incubated in lab-scale bioreactors for 21 days with live inoculum. Biogas quality was monitored for 21–30 days in four trials. Samples were analyzed using a gas chromatograph for detection of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The composition of the waste inputs had a significant impact on the quality of biogas but not on the quality of the digestate, which has implications for the value of post-AD fertilizer products. Wastes with higher proportions of proteins and fats enhanced biogas quality, unlike wastes that were rich in soluble carbohydrates. Codigestion of omnivorous food waste with carbon-rich agricultural wastes (AW) improved biogas quality, but biogas produced from BW does not necessarily improve with increasing amounts of AW in codigestion.
Digestate
Biogas
Food Waste
Silage
Biodegradable waste
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광양만 해수의 세균 군집의 계절적 변화를 배양법과 비배양법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 200개의 분리 균주에 대해 Amplified rDNA restriction 방법을 적용한 경우 분리 균은 Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes의 4개의 문에 속함을 확인하였다. 비 배양방법으로는 해수로부터 직접 추출한 DNA를 사용하여 pyrosequencing과 변성 농도구배 전기영동(DGGE)을 실시하였다. Pyrosequencing에 의한 16S rRNA 유전자의 염기서열 분석 결과 세균 군집은 춘계와 하계에 각각 24개, 추계에 39개 그리고 동계에 32개의 문으로 구성되었다. 다양도 지수는 추계에 높았으며 춘계에는 우점도 지수가 높았다. Firmicutes 문의 세균이 춘계에 예외적으로 많은 비율을 차지하였으며 나머지 계절에는 Proteobacteria 문의 세균이 우점하였다. 차 우점 분류군은 춘계에는 Proteobacteria 문의 세균인 반면 하계에는 Firmicutes 문, 추계와 동계에는 Bacteroidetes 문의 세균이 차지하였다. 과 수준에서의 우점 분류군은 Bacilliaceae가 춘계에, Rhodobacteraceae와 Bacilliaceae가 하계에, Rhodobacteraceae가 동계에 나타났으나 추계에는 우점 분류군이 없었다. DGGE 에서 확인된 27개의 DNA 절편을 추출하여 계통분석을 실시한 결과 춘계에는 Firmicutes 문에 이어 Proteobacteria 문이 우점하였으며 다른 계절에는 Proteobacteria 문이 우점하였다. 두 가지의 비배양법에 의한 군집 분석 결과 문 수준에서의 세균 군집의 계절적 변화는 유사한 경향이 나타났다. Seasonal variations in the bacterial community of Gwangyang Bay seawater were analyzed using both isolation and cultivation-independent methods. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis was applied to 200 bacterial isolates. Bacterial isolates were composed of four phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Pyrosequencing was conducted, in addition to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of genomic DNA extracted directly from the water samples. The bacterial sequences obtained by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes consisted of 24 phyla in the spring and summer, 39 in the fall, and 32 in the winter. The diversity index was high in the fall, whereas the dominancy index was high in the spring. In the spring, phylum Firmicutes was dominant, whereas phylum Proteobacteria dominated in the other three seasons. The second most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria in the spring, Firmicutes in the summer, and Bacteroidetes both in the fall and winter. Bacilliaceae was the most predominant family in the spring. Rhodobacteraceae and Bacilliaceae dominated in the summer, and Rhodobacteraceae dominated in the winter. Neither was dominant in the fall Twenty-seven bands purified from DGGE profiles were cloned and analyzed phylogenetically. In the spring, phylum Firmicutes dominated, followed by Proteobacteria. Proteobacteria dominated in all other seasons. Thus, two cultivation-independent methods for determination of seasonal variation patterns at the phylum level were in accordance with each other.
Pyrosequencing
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141 filterable bacteria that passed through a 0.22 μm pore size filter were isolated from Lake Sanaru in Hamamatsu, Japan. These belonged to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, or Actinobacteria among which the first two phyla comprised the majority of the isolates. 48 isolates (12 taxa) are candidates assignable to new bacterial species or genera of Proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes.
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Digestate
Food Waste
Hermetia illucens
Biodegradable waste
Silage
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A new type of integrated ecological floating island(IEFI) was designed and applied.This study firstly assessed the role of microbe on biofilm carrier.The results showed that the average COD,TN and TP removal efficiencies of IEFI were much higher than those of conventional floating island(CFI),and that the statistical differences were observed in different pollution category(p0.05).Influent monthly concentrations of COD,TN and TP of IEFI were lower than those of CFI.The highest removal efficiency was present in September,May and November,respectively.Constructing clone library was used to analyze the microbe on biofilm carrier.The results,which were different with microbial group on other biofilms,indicated that clones affiliated Proteobacteria dominated more than 67% of the total clones,following by Bacteroidetes.Within the Proteobacteria,Beta-Proteobacteria group was the most abundant,following by Alpha-Proteobacteria and Delta-Proteobacteria groups.For Alpha-Proteobacteria,more than 60% of the phylum was related to Rhodobacter.The Beta-Proteobacteria clones were mostly related to Burkholderiale.Flavobacteria dominated 75% of Bacteroidetes group.Functions of Acidobacteria,Delta-Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria are still unknown and need to be further studied.In addition,Bacillariophyta group were also detected in biofilm carriers.
Acidobacteria
Library
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Gut micriobiota have important roles in the immune, nutrition, and physiology of animals. To study the cause of gut microbiota change in black-necked cranes, we collected 9fresh Black-necked cranes’ fecal samples from Dashanbao Reserve. High throughput Illumina sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community structure of the collected samples for the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Proteobacteria (44.14%) followed by Firmicutes (17.95%) and Bacteroidetes (9.97%) were the core dominant groups, and all of them play a role in the degradation of cellulose in Black-necked cranes. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes contain glycan degrading enzymes, play a vital role in polysaccharide fermentation, and could help the host obtain more energy and materials. Higher Proteobacteria were unusual in birds. To explain this phenomenon, we analyzed the genus abundance of Proteobacteria in detail, found that Psychrobacter has the highest abundance and can grow at sub-zero temperatures. Through comparison, it was show that there were certain differences in the abundance of gut microbiota in different period The significance of this study was to provide a reference for understanding the function of intestinal microbiota and factors of gut microbiota structure change of Black-necked cranes and other migratory waterbirds.
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Macroalgae harbor microbial communities whose bacterial biodiversity remains largely uncharacterized. The goals of this study were 1) to examine the composition of the bacterial community associated with Porphyra umbilicalis Kützing from Schoodic Point, ME, 2) determine whether there are seasonal trends in species diversity but a core group of bacteria that are always present, and 3) to determine how the microbial community associated with a laboratory strain (P.um.1) established in the presence of antibiotics has changed. P. umbilicalis blades (n = 5, fall 2010; n = 5, winter 2011; n = 2, clonal P.um.1) were analyzed by pyrosequencing over two variable regions of the 16 S rDNA (V5–V6 and V8; 147,880 total reads). The bacterial taxa present were classified at an 80% confidence threshold into eight phyla (Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, and the candidate division TM7). The Bacteroidetes comprised the majority of bacterial sequences on both field and lab blades, but the Proteobacteria (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria) were also abundant. Sphingobacteria (Bacteroidetes) and Flavobacteria (Bacteroidetes) had inverse abundances on natural versus P.um.1 blades. Bacterial communities were richer and more diverse on blades sampled in fall compared to winter. Significant differences were observed between microbial communities among all three groups of blades examined. Only two OTUs were found on all 12 blades, and only one of these, belonging to the Saprospiraceae (Bacteroidetes), was abundant. Lewinella (as 66 OTUs) was found on all field blades and was the most abundant genus. Bacteria from the Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes that are known to digest the galactan sulfates of red algal cell walls were well-represented. Some of these taxa likely provide essential morphogenetic and beneficial nutritive factors to P. umbilicalis and may have had unexpected effects upon evolution of macroalgal form as well as function.
Planctomycetes
Alphaproteobacteria
Betaproteobacteria
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Abstract Knowledge concerning shifts in microbiota is important in order to elucidate the perturbations in the mucosal barrier during the transitional life stages of the host. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was employed to examine the compositional changes and presumptive functions of the skin-associated bacterial communities of Atlantic salmon reared under controlled laboratory conditions and transferred from freshwater to seawater. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in salmon from both freshwater (45%) and seawater (above 89%). Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia were the most abundant phyla in salmon from freshwater. The transition to seawater influenced the OTU richness and evenness. The high abundance (~62%) of the genus Oleispira made Proteobacteria the most significantly abundant phylum in salmon from seawater. The predictive functional profile suggested that the communities had the ability to extract energy from amino acids in order to maintain their metabolism and scavenge and biosynthesise compounds to make structural changes and carry out signalling for their survival. These findings need to be further explored in relation to metabolic processes, the fish genotype and the environment.
Verrucomicrobia
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