Biopolymeric corneal lenticules by digital light processing based bioprinting: a dynamic substitute for corneal transplant
Utkarsh BhutaniNamit DeySuvro Kanti ChowdhuryNeha WaghmareRita Das MahapatraKamalnath SelvakumarArun ChandruTuhin BhowmickParinita Agrawal
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Digital light processing (DLP) technology has gained significant attention for its ability to construct intricate structures for various applications in tissue modeling and regeneration. In this study, we aimed to design corneal lenticules using DLP bioprinting technology, utilizing dual network bioinks to mimic the characteristics of the human cornea. The bioink was prepared using methacrylated hyaluronic acid and methacrylated gelatin, where ruthenium salt and sodium persulfate were included for mediating photo-crosslinking while tartrazine was used as a photoabsorber. The bioprinted lenticules were optically transparent (85.45% ± 0.14%), exhibited adhesive strength (58.67 ± 17.5 kPa), and compressive modulus (535.42 ± 29.05 kPa) sufficient for supporting corneal tissue integration and regeneration. Puncture resistance tests and drag force analysis further confirmed the excellent mechanical performance of the lenticules enabling their application as potential corneal implants. Additionally, the lenticules demonstrated outstanding support for re-epithelialization and stromal regeneration when assessed with human corneal stromal cells. We generated implant ready corneal lenticules while optimizing bioink and bioprinting parameters, providing valuable solution for individuals suffering from various corneal defects and waiting for corneal transplants.Keywords:
3D bioprinting
Corneal Transplant
Keratoprosthesis
Corneal Transplant
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Blood supply
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Ply cornea transplant was performed on 8 white young rabbits (including 4 donors and 4 recipients) in general surgical condition. Donors A and D were sutured with continuous suture and B and C with interrupted suture. Result showed that recipients sometimes scratched their eyes and licked eyes for each other; A died on the 6th day after operation with a fine corneal piece and bleeding intestine; corneal pieces of B and C fell off separately on the 6th and 8th day after operation without distinct inflamatory response, and D is cornea became so clear and limpid that all of suture could be seen and the brim of corneal piece couldn't be distinguished on the 15th day after operation and the stitches were taken out on the 16th day after operation. It indicates that nurse of rabbits after cornea transplant is very difficult because they have no self-protection awareness, on the contrary they have self-harming behaviors. The falling off of cornea pieces of B and C is closely related to friction of haw, scratching eyes and licking eyes for each other.
Corneal Transplant
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Strain (injury)
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Objective To study the biocompatibility of acellular cornea stroma implanted in rabbit cornea stroma. Methods The cornea stroma was obtained from adult hog, cells and immunogenic component were removed through different extraction methods, and the elastic and collagen fibers were preserved. Stromal disc with 4 mm diameter was implanted into interlamellar stromal pocket and followed up until 3 months. The immunoreaction of stromal disc was observed with HE staining at different time points. Results The advers immunoreaction was not found in the stromal lamella during experiment and followup. After implantation in 2 weeks, acellular cornea stroma become transparent; after implantation in 3 months, the rabbit stroma cells immigrated into the xenograft, the acellular cornea stromal were gradually degraded. Conclusion It demonstrates that the acellular cornea stroma processes excellent histocompatiblility, thus it is a good materials for constructingtissue- engineered cornea.
Biocompatibility
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To describe the most cited article in the 36 year history of Cornea.All articles from Cornea in the past 36 years were reviewed to find the the article with the greatest number of citations.Descemet-Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty by Mark S. Gorovoy, MD, Cornea 2006;25:886-889 was found to have the greatest number of citations.This study led to the single greatest change of cornea transplant going from Penetrating Keratoplasty to Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty.
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The cornea is a transparent avascular structure located in the front of the eye that refracts light entering the eyes and also serves as a barrier between the outside world and the internal contents of the eye. Like every other body part, the cornea may suffer insult from trauma, infection, and inflammation. In the case of trauma, a prior infection that left a scar, or conditions such as keratoconus that warrant the removal of all or part of the cornea (keratoplasty), it is important to use healthy donor corneal tissues and cells that can replace the damaged cornea. The types of cornea transplant techniques employed currently include: penetrating keratoplasty, endothelial keratoplasty (EK), and artificial cornea transplant. Postoperative failure acutely or after years can result after a cornea transplant and may require a repeat transplant. This minireview briefly examines the various types of corneal transplant methodologies, indications, contraindications, presurgical protocols, sources of cornea transplant material, wound healing after surgery complications, co-morbidities, and the effect of COVID-19 in corneal transplant surgery.
Corneal Transplant
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Objective To study the influence of cornea flap and residual cornea bed on cornea intensity after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods The established mature cats animal model of LASIK was used. In Group A, a 160 μm cornea flap was made, followed by performing ablation on the stroma by excimer laser to preserve the residual bed for 300 μm, and then the cornea flap was repositioned. The cornea flap was removed with the residual bed 300 μm remaining in Group B, while in Group C, a 160 μm cornea flap was made with the residual bed 180 μm, and followed reposition of the cornea flap. In Group D, the cornea flap was cut off and a 180 μm the residual bed was remained. Measurements included central cornea pachymetry, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and analysis of the posterior best fit sphere in cornea Topography before operation and 1 week, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after operation. The results were analyzed statistically. 3 months after operation, the changes of cornea structures were observed by histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscope. Results Increase of ACD 3 months after operation: Group A, (0.16±0.08) mm; group B, (0.21±0.16) mm; group C, (0.33±0.09) mm; group D, (0.41±0.10) mm. There was no statistical difference between group A and group B (t=0.685,P0.05)and between group C and group D (t=1.457,P0.05).There was a statistical difference between group A and group C (t=3.458, P0.05) and between group B and group D (t=2.597, P0.05). Increase of posterior cornea prominence 3 months after operation: Group A, (27.78 ±9.52) μm; group B, (39.57±7.68) μm; group C, (58.57±8.66) μm; group D, (68.14±19.69) μm. No statistical difference was found between group A and group B (t=2.361,P0.05) and group C and group D (t=1.090,P0.05).There was a statistical difference between group A and group C (t=5.860, P0.05) and between group B and group D (t=3.310, P0.05). Light microscopy and transmission electronic microscopy showed that the arrangements of collagen fiber in the interface were disordered with no apparent cross arrangement. There was no significant increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum in fibroblast. Conclusions Theresidual cornea bed is the main factor to influence corneal intensity. After LASIK, the wound healing of the interface is different from scar. This may be the main reason for cornea flap′s no apparent influence on cornea intensity.
LASIK
Excimer
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Recent advances in embedded three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have expanded the design space for fabricating geometrically complex tissue scaffolds using hydrogels with mechanical properties comparable to native tissues and organs in the human body. The advantage of approaches such as Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) printing is the ability to embed soft biomaterials in a thermoreversible support bath at sizes ranging from a few millimeters to centimeters. In this study, we were able to expand this printable size range by FRESH bioprinting a full-size model of an adult human heart from patient-derived magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets. We used alginate as the printing biomaterial to mimic the elastic modulus of cardiac tissue. In addition to achieving high print fidelity on a low-cost printer platform, FRESH-printed alginate proved to create mechanically tunable and suturable models. This demonstrates that large-scale 3D bioprinting of soft hydrogels is possible using FRESH and that cardiac tissue constructs can be produced with potential future applications in surgical training and planning.
3D bioprinting
Biomaterial
3d printed
Human heart
Three dimensional printing
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