Initial agronomic benefits of enhanced weathering using basalt: A study of spring oat in a temperate climate
Kirstine SkovJez WardmanMatthew HealeyAmy McBrideTzara BierowiecJulia CooperIfeoma EdehDave GeorgeMike KellandJim MannD. A. C. ManningMelissa J. MurphyRyan PapeYit Arn TehWill R. TurnerPeter WadeXinran Liu
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Addressing soil nutrient degradation and global warming requires novel solutions. Enhanced weathering using crushed basalt rock is a promising dual-action strategy that can enhance soil health and sequester carbon dioxide. This study examines the short-term effects of basalt amendment on spring oat (Avena sativa L.) during the 2022 growing season in NE England. The experimental design consisted of four blocks with control and basalt-amended plots, and two cultivation types within each treatment, laid out in a split plot design. Basalt (18.86 tonnes ha −1 ) was incorporated into the soil during seeding. Tissue, grain and soil samples were collected for yield, nutrient, and pH analysis. Basalt amendment led to significantly higher yields, averaging 20.5% and 9.3% increases in direct drill and ploughed plots, respectively. Soil pH was significantly higher 256 days after rock application across cultivation types  (direct drill: on average 6.47 vs. 6.76 and ploughed: on average 6.69 vs. 6.89, for control and basalt-amended plots, respectively), likely due to rapidly dissolving minerals in the applied basalt, such as calcite. Indications of growing season differences in soil pH are observed through direct measurement of lower manganese and iron uptake in plants grown on basalt-amended soil. Higher grain and tissue potassium, and tissue calcium uptake were observed in basalt-treated crops. Notably, no accumulation of potentially toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel) was detected in the grain, indicating that crops grown using this basaltic feedstock are safe for consumption. This study indicates that basalt amendments can improve agronomic performance in sandy clay-loam agricultural soil under temperate climate conditions. These findings offer valuable insights for producers in temperate regions who are considering using such amendments, demonstrating the potential for improved crop yields and environmental benefits while ensuring crop safety.Although organisms always participate in the weathering of mineral and rock on the earth surface,much attention was paid to the physical and chemical processes,but little attention to the biological process in previous studies of weathering.Recent studies indicated that all organisms,e.g.,animal,plant,and microbe,might take part in the bio-weathering process.Therefore,studies on the mechanism of bio-weathering and the corresponding evolution sequence of mineral will help us in understanding the formation of soil,the environmental cycle of elements,and the global environmental changes.
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Abstract Here we present new data from Chinese basaltic catchments that experience monsoonal climate. The weathering rates of Chinese basaltic fields roughly agree with the previously established law of basalt weathering that includes the controls of both runoff and temperature. However, we find out that temperature alone might explain the weathering variability if active and inactive volcanic fields are separated.
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Weathering is a part of geomorphic processes leading to the disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals on the earth’s surface as a result of physical and chemical action that leads to the formation of soil being a most vital natural resource of rock weathering. Development of soils in an environment enhances plants dependence on it for growth, and man depends directly or indirectly on plants for food, thus the functions of soil as a fundamental interface, providing an excellent example of the integration among many parts of the earth system. Hence, geomorphology research being based on processes of the earth’s surfacing that result into most of the physical features seen on the face of the earth.
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Abstract Investigations described from three Victorian damsites indicate that weathering of Ordovician bedrock is increased where it is overlain by basalt, even though the basalt is little weathered. Sub‐basaltic weathering may account for the fact that weathered rock beneath a Jurassic lava flow gives a weathering remagnetization age of Mid‐Cainozoic, consistent with palaeomagnetically determined ages of lateritization from elsewhere in Australia.
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Research Article| August 01, 2019 The Central Role of Weathering in the Geosciences Patrick J. Frings; Patrick J. Frings Earth Surface Geochemistry, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, GermanyDepartment of Geosciences, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: patrick.frings@gfz-potsdam.de Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Heather L. Buss Heather L. Buss School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Clifton, BS8 1RJ Bristol, United Kingdom E-mail: H.Buss@bristol.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elements (2019) 15 (4): 229–234. https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.15.4.229 Article history first online: 29 Jul 2019 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Patrick J. Frings, Heather L. Buss; The Central Role of Weathering in the Geosciences. Elements 2019;; 15 (4): 229–234. doi: https://doi.org/10.2138/gselements.15.4.229 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyElements Search Advanced Search Weathering is the chemical and physical alteration of rock at the surface of the Earth, but its importance is felt well beyond the rock itself. The repercussions of weathering echo throughout the Earth sciences, from ecology to climatology, from geomorphology to geochemistry. This article outlines how weathering interacts with various geoscience disciplines across a huge range of scales, both spatial and temporal. It traces the evolution of scientific thinking about weathering and man's impact on weathering itself—for better and for worse. Future computational, conceptual and methodological advances are set to cement weathering's status as a central process in the Earth sciences. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Regolith dating clearly shows that most of the weathering profiles found on the Australian continent have existed since the Tertiary. This is a fundamental problem for determining and understanding the processes that may have contributed to weathering profile formation because it introduces the possibility that the profiles being studied are fossils, preserved remnants of once more active systems. Even in tropical climates, which have long been advocated as the environments most likely to be responsible for 'laterite' formation, the possible antiquity of the weathering profiles (e.g. Twidale 1994, Nott 1994 and Dammer et al. 1996) could make it difficult to distinguish between what are products of current weathering processes and what are products of weathering that has occurred in the past.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction What makes arid environments unusual in terms of weathering systems? Theoretical underpinnings of weathering systems research Current weathering study methods Linking processes to form in arid weathering systems Explaining the development of weathering landforms in arid environments Weathering rates in arid environments Arid weathering and landscape evolution Scale and arid weathering systems Acknowledgement References
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