Cold-water coral energy reserves and calcification in contrasting fjord environments
Kristina K. BeckGertraud M. Schmidt‐GriebA. KayserJanine WendelsAlexandra Kler LagoStefanie MeyerJürgen LaudienVerena HäussermannClaudio RichterMarlene Wall
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Abstract The relationship between energy reserves of cold-water corals (CWCs) and their physiological performance remains largely unknown. In addition, it is poorly understood how the energy allocation to different metabolic processes might change with projected decreasing food supply to the deep sea in the future. This study explores the temporal and spatial variations of total energy reserves (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) of the CWC Desmophyllum dianthus and their correlation with its calcification rate. We took advantage of distinct horizontal and vertical physico-chemical gradients in Comau Fjord (Chile) and examined the changes in energy reserves over one year in an in situ reciprocal transplantation experiment (20 m vs. 300 m and fjord head vs. mouth). Total energy reserves correlated positively with calcification rates. The fast-growing deep corals had higher and less variable energy reserves, while the slower-growing shallow corals showed pronounced seasonal changes in energy reserves. Novel deep corals (transplanted from shallow) were able to quickly increase both their calcification rates and energy reserves to similar levels as native deep corals. Our study shows the importance of energy reserves in sustaining CWC growth in spite of aragonite undersaturated conditions (deep corals) in the present, and potentially also future ocean.Keywords:
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“Fjord are best developed on the coasts of British Columbia, southern Alaska, southern Chile, eastern Canada, Greenland, Norway, Iceland and Spitsbergen, the south-west of South Island (New Zealand); and finally Antarctica-Embleton & King (1968): Glacial and Periglacial Geomorphology p. 234”“fjord, or FIORD, long narrow arm of the sea, commonly extending far inland, that results from marine inundation of a glaciated valley. Many fjords are astonishingly deep-The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1968”There are 56 fjords in Denmark. The fjords in east-Jylland are the result of marine submergence of the deepest parts of the tunnel valleys, good examples are given by Vejle Fjord, Mariager Fjord. Sidinge fjord and Lamme fjord in Sjælland are central depressions under sea level. Maximum extent of the Stone Age Sea, and Ringkø bing Fjord, Nissum Fjord in west-Jylland are lagoons.
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