Abbreviated MRI Protocols: Efficacy in Improving Acquisition and Interpretation Time in Breast Cancer
Sara El GarwanyAzza A. GadSahar MansourMohamed Al-ShatouriTaghreed I. AlshafeiyAhmed FathySara El Garwany
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Background: To be cost-effective, the abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols have to be proved to reduce examination and reading times, while being clinically effective.Objective: To investigate the efficacy of these protocols in enhancing the efficiency of exams and reducing interpretation time.The study reviews the rationale behind abbreviated protocols and why they are an essential evolving tool in breast screening programs.Patients and methods: This was a prospective randomized study.60 female patients were examined.They were presented to Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School Breast Unit for screening.Patients were stratified using a risk assessment model.Different risk categories were included.Results: Abbreviated MRI is proved to be a cost-effective method of screening for breast cancer.It has found to be faster to be performed compared with traditional mammogram, as given all the preparation required and proper position needed in mammograms, MRI would be a better modality.Average time for completing abbreviated MRI (AB-MRI) was 5.1 minutes, while mammograms took 10 min.Reading AB-MR took an average of 4.7 minutes, while traditional mammograms 5.7minutes.Regarding efficacy, when compared to traditional screening methods, AB-MR showed the following: 100% negative predictive value (NPV), 85.7% specificity, 50% positive predictive value (PPV), and 100% sensitivity in breast cancer.Conclusion: Abbreviated MRI was found to be an efficient method to identify breast cancer, with shorter imaging and reading times.The purpose of this study is to analyze the methodology of mukhtasar interpretation. This research uses library research methods with descriptive qualitative methods used in collecting various information from turâts and contemporary books to examine the epistemology of mukhtasar interpretations found how to determine the criteria for mukhtasar interpretation. The three ways are; first by paying attention to the quantity of an interpretation. Second; analyzed from the content of the interpretation. Third, the provisions of the scholars in assessing it. In this study, it was also found that the interpretation of mukhtasar when viewed from the source side consists of two forms; tafsir mukhtasar bi al-ma'tsûr and tafsir mukhtasar bi ar-ra'yi. The main source of mukhtasar interpretation in addition to the sources previously mentioned is the parent interpretation, namely the interpretations summarized by the mufasir. In terms of method, mukhtasar interpretation is a category of ijmâliy interpretations that interpret verses concisely and easily understood with two models of interpretation; i.e. tafsir mukhtasar ibtidâ'iy or tafsir mukhtasar bizâtihi and tafsir mukhtasar which summarizes the parent interpretation or is named after the interpretation of mukhatsar min ghairihi.
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Limited evidence suggests that inherited predisposing risk variants might affect the disease outcome. In this study, we analyzed the effect of genome-wide association studies—identified breast cancer-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms on survival of early-stage breast cancer patients in a Chinese population. This retrospective study investigated the relationship between 21 GWAS-identified breast cancer-risk single nucleotide polymorphisms and the outcome of 1177 early stage breast cancer patients with a long median follow-up time of 174 months. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Primary endpoints were breast cancer special survival and overall survival while secondary endpoints were invasive disease free survival and distant disease free survival. Multivariate survival analysis showed only the rs2046210 GA genotype significantly decreased the risk of recurrence and death for early stage breast cancer. After grouping breast cancer subtypes, significantly reduced survival was associated with the variant alleles of rs9485372 for luminal A and rs4415084 for triple negative breast cancer. Importantly, all three single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs889312, rs4951011 and rs9485372 had remarkable effects on survival of luminal B EBC, either individually or synergistically. Furthermore, statistically significant multiplicative interactions were found between rs4415084 and age at diagnosis and between rs3803662 and tumor grade. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer risk susceptibility loci identified by GWAS may influence the outcome of early stage breast cancer patients’ depending on intrinsic tumor subtypes in Chinese women.
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Like meaning, interpretation is a slippery notion. This chapter discusses three different accounts of interpretation. First, I discuss the allegoresis account, according to which some texts have a deeper meaning hidden below the text's surface meaning. I then explore what is required if an allegorical interpretation is to be justified, and I argue that two kinds of interpretative knowledge must be distinguished: (1) knowing through interpretation that what a text (or its author) says is p, and (2) knowing through interpretation that what the text (or its author) says, viz. p, is true. Second, the traditional account of interpretation is discussed, according to which interpretation consists in clearing up textual obscurities – this is called the difficulty account of interpretation. A number of possible obscurities are identified, and I show what is required to clear them up in a justified way. Finally, the modernist view of interpretation is discussed, according to which reading inevitably involves interpretation. The most natural development of this view is that all reading involves disambiguation, and that to disambiguate is to interpret. Here, too, I discuss what is required for justified disambiguations.
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ABSTRACT
Attributing to interpretation is a synthetic term meaning an attempt to convey the verse to a meaning that the word may carry with the presence of the apparent meaning without a legitimate need And cost in interpretation is a term similar to what is in interpretation and indicative interpretation, as the difference between them is the fulfillment of the conditions of each of them, and then we went back to this research . On knowing the obligatory in the interpretation and we spoke successively about Abu Hayyan Al-Andalus and how he explained and identified the pretentious sayings that he mentioned in his interpretation of Al-Bahr Al-Moheet and then refuting them and clarifying the sayings of the commentators who were charged with the interpretation of some verses.
Affection
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In the course of interpretation world’s found a variety of colors and patterns of interpretation. The colors and patterns of interpretation in it’s development are always changing and influenced by social conditions which always changing from time to time. One that affects the color and pattern of interpretation is the term al-Dakhîl that interpretation is not based on the rules of interpretation which has been agreed upon by scholars. The interpretation of these models can result in confusion and mislead the people, so that Muslims will lose the right instructions, as al-Qur’an his own claim to be the book of guidance for mankind and a mercy to the universe, the truth and can not be doubted maintained iota until the end of time.
Confusion
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Maqasidi interpretation discourse as a form of response methodology of interpretation to the current situation faced. This response is considered as one of the efforts to synchronize religious teachings to the development and interpretation as well as social society. The explanation in this paper is descriptive as an effort to understand the existence as a maqasidi interpretation in the modern era. This means that maqasidi interpretation as a modern interpretation performs the construction of works of past or classical interpretation using interpretive methods that have developed in contemporary times.
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Positively, this chapter sets out various structural differences between literary and legal interpretation. Negatively, it criticizes views of legal and literary interpretation that attempt to derive their features from an account of interpretation-in-general. The thesis that a successful interpretation always recovers an author’s intention is specifically rejected. A “naïve” view of interpretation is defended—the one that appears when we are sunk in practical activity—as opposed to theories of interpretation (e.g., “postmodern” ones) that tend to picture it as ubiquitous and endless.
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Abstract Breast cancer is a frequent female malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Peroxidasin like (PXDNL) has many biological functions, including characteristic activity of hormone biosynthesis, host defense, and cell motility. In addition, PXDNL is closely connected with the progression of breast cancer. In this study, we found that PXDNL may be an independent prognostic biomarker of breast cancer. We tested the mRNA expression of PXDNL in breast cancer by detecting The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate clinical correlation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate diagnosis potential in breast cancer. Subsequently, survival analyses were performed to identify the relevance between the expression of PXDNL and the overall survival/relapse-free survival of patients with breast cancer. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression model was executed to detect risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. PXDNL is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and is related to survival status of patients. The ROC curve showed that PXDNL had beneficial diagnostic ability in breast cancer. Survival analysis indicated that patients with breast cancer with high PXDNL expression generally had decreased overall survival/relapse-free survival. Univariate/multivariate Cox model analyses further suggested an association between PXDNL expression and prognosis of patients with breast cancer. High PXDNL expression is a potential and independent prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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The jurist Mohamed EL-Hjouji (d.1370AH) touched through his interpretation of "The Pearl, Sapphire and Coral Necklace in the Interpretation of the Qur'an", various methods of interpretation in the process of interpreting and explaining the Qur'anic verses, like other commentators, including the interpretation of the Qur'an by the Qur'an, in which I'm writing this article and I'm known for the man's writings, especially In the field of interpretation, and it is clear to scholars and researchers that EL-Hjouji is able to understand the science of interpretation, and his ability to employ the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an in interpretation as it is the first door that the interpreter approaches to understand the Qur’anic texts, and it is the highest, most correct, honorable and best type of interpretation. There is no one who interprets the Qur’an and explains it better than God Almighty. In this article, I have shown what is the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an, and mentioned the ranks of this type in advance of models for each of them, and then extracted examples of the interpretation of the Qur’an by the Qur’an from the interpretation of ELHjouji
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