Regional differences in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients across the United States
Simone MorraLukas ScheipnerAndrea BaudoLetizia Maria Ippolita JannelloMario de AngelisCarolin SiechJordan A. GoyalNawar ToumaZhe TianFred SaadGianluigi CalifanoRoberto La RoccaMarco CapeceShahrokh F. ShariatSascha AhyaiLuca CarmignaniOttavio De CobelliGennaro MusiAlberto BrigantiFelix K.‐H. ChunNicola LongoPierre I. Karakiewicz
5
Citation
20
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Renal pelvis
While ethnic identity, ethnic relations, ethnic conflict, and immigration are increasingly important factors in national, regional, and international affairs, there are no definitions or criteria consistently applied to delineate ethnic groups in nation worldwide. Thus, in this article, I have examined the concept of ethnic groups and theories of ethnicity concisely, in the hope of promoting discussions of the theories of ethnicity, and popularizing those concepts of ethnic groups and ethnicity.
Ethnic history
Cite
Citations (0)
The contractile characteristics of pacemaker regions in the unicalyceal renal pelvis of the rabbit were examined in vitro. The amplitude and frequency spectra of spontaneous contractions of whole and separated circular and longitudinal renal pelvic strips were identified. The effect of stretch on these parameters were examined in order to establish whether the pacemaker region that generates contractions in the renal pelvis was sensitive to distention. The results show that the frequency of spontaneous contractions in the whole pelvis (65 +/- 18 mHz) was significantly higher than any part of the circularly (41 x 8 mHz) or longitudinally cut (43 +/- 8 mHz) pelvis. The amplitude of longitudinal strips, 52 +/- 11 mg, was significantly smaller than that of the circular strips, 267 +/- 52 mg. In the circularly separated pelvis the frequency of spontaneous contractions was highest in the proximal part (41 +/- 8 mHz) and lowest in the pelviureteral junction (8 +/- 1 mHz). No significant increase in frequency was seen upon stretch in the whole or separated pelvis although there was a decrease in the amplitude of both the whole and separated pelvis. These results show that the frequency of contraction of the whole or the segmented renal pelvis is not sensitive to stretch.
Renal pelvis
Cite
Citations (9)
Renal pelvis
Cite
Citations (13)
Background Although most people with relapsing onset multiple sclerosis (R-MS) eventually transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), little is known about disability progression in SPMS. Methods All R-MS patients in the Cardiff MS registry were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine a) hazard of converting to SPMS and b) hazard of attaining EDSS 6.0 and 8.0 in SPMS. Results 1611 R-MS patients were included. Older age at MS onset (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95%CI 1.01–1.03), male sex (HR 1.71, 95%CI 1.41–2.08), and residual disability after onset (HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.11–1.71) were asso- ciated with increased hazard of SPMS. Male sex (EDSS 6.0 HR 1.41 [1.04–1.90], EDSS 8.0 HR 1.75 [1.14–2.69]) and higher EDSS at SPMS onset (EDSS 6.0 HR 1.31 [1.17–1.46]; EDSS 8.0 HR 1.38 [1.19–1.61]) were associated with increased hazard of reaching disability milestones, while older age at SPMS was associated with a lower hazard of progression (EDSS 6.0 HR 0.94 [0.92–0.96]; EDSS 8.0: HR 0.92 [0.90–0.95]). Conclusions Different factors are associated with hazard of SPMS compared to hazard of disability progres- sion after SPMS onset. These data may be used to plan services, and provide a baseline for comparison for future interventional studies and has relevance for new treatments for SPMS RobertsonNP@cardiff.ac.uk
Cite
Citations (0)
Though some anthropologists and ethnologists often discuss the two terms ethnic group and ethnicity,they are not sure about the exact meanings of them.The article discusses ethnic group according to the reality in China.We can use it on three levels.The paper reviews ethnicity and argues that we should connect ethnicity research with social reality.
Ethnic history
Cite
Citations (0)
The book Ethnic Groups and Their Culture,whose chief editor is Professor Xu Jie-shun,was published by the Heilongjiang People's Publishing House in 2006 and collected the relevant achievements of studies of ethnic groups of the contemporary anthropology researchers.The works provides the latest interpretation of ethnic groups study in the academic circle in China and falls into such sections as special articles,concept of ethnic groups,theory of ethnic groups,identity of ethnic groups,relations of ethnic groups and culture of ethnic groups.
Ethnic culture
Ethnic history
Cite
Citations (0)
The hazard ratio and median survival time are the routine indicators in survival analysis. We briefly introduced the relationship between hazard ratio and median survival time and the role of proportional hazard assumption. We compared 110 pairs of hazard ratio and median survival time ratio in 58 articles and demonstrated the reasons for the difference by examples. The results showed that the hazard ratio estimated by the Cox regression model is unreasonable and not equivalent to median survival time ratio when the proportional hazard assumption is not met. Therefore, before performing the Cox regression model, the proportional hazard assumption should be tested first. If proportional hazard assumption is met, Cox regression model can be used; if proportional hazard assumption is not met, restricted mean survival times is suggested.风险比（hazard ratio，HR）和中位生存时间是生存分析时的常规分析和报告指标。本文简要介绍了HR和中位生存时间的关系以及比例风险假定在这两者之间的作用，分析了检索出的58篇文献中的110对风险比和中位生存时间比的差异，并通过实例阐明了产生这种差异的原因。结果表明，在不满足比例风险假定时，Cox回归模型计算得到的风险比是不合理的，且与中位生存时间之比不等价。因此，在使用Cox回归模型前，应先进行比例风险假定的检验，只有符合比例风险假定时才能使用该模型；当不符合比例风险假定时，建议使用限制性平均生存时间。.
Cite
Citations (0)
Implementing modern ethnic education will lead t o creation of a culture conforming to the times and with local and ethnic charac teristics.To achieve this goal,ethnic education must combine objective reality a nd general demands of modern education with subjective desires and special deman ds of ethnic students.Ethnic education must serve ethnic development.
Ethnic culture
Ethnic history
Cite
Citations (0)
An ethnic identity is reflected through intrinsic and extrinsic traits which also may be associated with other ethnic behaviors. This study investigated ethnic identity as it relates to traditional ethnic dress patterns, and use of ethnic reference persons and ethnic market sources as information on contemporary dress. A sample of 117 students identifying with one of seven ethnic heritages was analyzed as a pooled group with separate analyses for the Chinese and Japanese. Analyses included Spearman rho correlations and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results indicated a relationship between ethnic identity and ethnic dress usage. Individuals with higher ethnic identities used family, ethnics other than family, ethnic fashion magazines, and ethnic fashion shows as sources of information on dress; however, the relationship with ethnic identity and the use of these sources varied according to ethnic heritage.
Ethnic history
Cite
Citations (44)
Abstract The effect of ethnic threat on adolescents' ethnic self-concept and own-group ratings, and the role of self-esteem and ethnic identity in mediating this effect were examined. Hispanic high school students in the United States received either negative (threat) or neutral information about their ethnic group. Ethnic self-concept and own-group ratings were then assessed. The negative information resulted in lower overall ethnic group ratings, but not in lower ethnic self-concept. Self-esteem was a better predictor of ethnic ratings than ethnic identity was.
Ethnic history
Cite
Citations (77)