Nitrogen-doping boosted the activity of K/Al2O3 catalysts in simultaneous removal of COS and CS2: An experimental and theoretical study
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Bond cleavage
Cleavage (geology)
Activation barrier
This chapter contains sections titled: Amperemetric selectivity Time-graded selectivity Logic selectivity Directional selectivity Selectivity by differential protection Selectivity between fuses and circuit-breakers
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Abstract Column selectivity is examined for a series of smectic liquid crystalline columns and is compared with methyl and C 18 polysiloxane columns for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) isomers. A set of extended and condensed solute probes is described that provides a sensitive indication of variations in column shape selectivity. Examples of shape selectivity differences are presented for smectic liquid crystalline columns and 5% phenyl polysiloxane columns using various PAH isomer sets. Variations in selectivity have been observed among different smectic liquid crystalline columns, and this problem appears more significant than for methyl polysiloxane columns. The selectivity ration for tetraphenylmethane and p ‐terphenyl provides a sensitive indication of column shape selectivity, with a change in elution order occurring between ordered (smectic liquid crystalline) columns and non‐ordered (methyl polysiloxane) columns. Shape selectivity differences indicated by this test mixture are apparent for more complex PAH isomer mixtures. Despite stationary phase selectivity variability, smectic liquid crystalline columns offer considerable potential for solving difficult separation problems involving structured solutes.
Structural isomer
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Cleavage (geology)
Cyanogen bromide
Bond cleavage
Peptide bond
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In this chapter, strategies for lignin linkages cleavage beginning with C α O–H/ArO–H or C α –OH bonds heterolysis are summarized, primarily focusing on lignin alkaline hydrolysis, acidolysis, and their corresponding tandem processes. Chapter 8.1 focuses on the base-catalyzed cleavage of the C β –OAr bond beginning with C α O–H or ArO–H heterolysis to oxygen anion, which further induces the cleavage of the lignin C β –OAr bond. Chapter 8.2 summarizes the various acid-catalyzed methods for the C β –OAr bond cleavage beginning with C α –OH heterolysis, which further induce the C β –OAr bond cleavage via a C α =C β –OAr intermediate.
Heterolysis
Cleavage (geology)
Bond cleavage
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Fischer–Tropsch process
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Selectivity is an essential parameter in organic synthesis. Selectivity is influenced by physical, physicochemical, chemical parameters. If pressure is considered, the selectivity depends on the volume requirements of the variousreaction pathways when reaching the transition state. The paper reports on the effect of pressure on chemo-, regio-, stereo- and enantioselectivity in organic chemistry illustrated by prominent examples. As a general conclusion, highpressure is a useful parameter in controlling the selectivity.
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