Role of dietary intake of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs ) on colorectal cancer risk in Iran
Monireh Sadat SeyyedsalehiMaryam HadjiGiulia CollatuzzoHamideh RashidianBahareh SasanfarInge HuybrechtsVéronique ChajèsPaolo BoffettaKazem Zendehdel
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Abstract High‐fat diets have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to vary based on the length of PUFAs. We explored the association between dietary omega‐6 and omega‐3 PUFAs intake and CRC. We analyzed 865 CRC patients and 3206 controls from a case–control study of Iran (IROPICAN study). We used multivariate logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between PUFAs intake and CRC risk. Our results showed that gamma‐linolenic acid (18:3 n‐6, GLA), arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6, ARA), a‐linolenic acid (Cis‐18:3n‐3, ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, DHA) consumption was not associated with the risk of CRC. However, the OR of linoleic acid (18: 2n‐6, LA) intake was 1.47 (95% CI 1.01–2.14, p = 0.04) for proximal colon and that of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n‐3, DPA) intake was 1.33 (95% CI 1.05–1.69, p = 0.01) for rectum. This study indicates a high level of LA is associated with an increased risk of proximal colon cancer, and DPA intake was positively associated with rectum cancer risk. Furthermore, our study noted a high intake of n‐6 (from vegetable oils) compared to n‐3 PUFAs (from fish and seafood) in this population. Public awareness and government support is needed to increase fish and seafood production and consumption in Iran.Keywords:
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To establish a GC/MS method for the determination of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seal oil. The sample was prepared from seal oil, then the components of fatty acid in it were determined by GC/MS. Their relative contents were measured by normalized method of chromatographic peak areas. 25 kinds of fatty acids were separated from seal oil, of which the main components, Eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) and Docosapentaenoic acid(DPA),were analysized qualitatively. The results were the same as the related literatures reported. [CONCLUSION]This method is simple, sensitive and rapid.
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Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is intermediary between eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the n-3 synthesis pathway. DPA is part of our normal diet through fish and lean red meat. In recent years, DPA has received increasing attention as an important bioactive fatty acid in light of its potential beneficial health effects, which include anti-inflammatory actions, antiplatelet aggregation, and improved plasma lipid prolife. This review provides a short summary of the most recent research on DPA.In this review, we report on the latest association data as well as data generated from in-vitro and in-vivo studies on DPA and cardiovascular health, mental health, inflammation, and cancer. We also report on the newly identified DPA metabolites and their effects on exacerbation of inflammation in animal models.Although there is a growing body of evidence supporting DPA's role as an important bioactive fatty acid, there is a need for more 'cause and effect studies', clinical trials and studies which can reveal whether DPA plays separate roles to those identified for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) consumed in low abundance in the Western diet. Increased consumption of n-3 PUFAs may have beneficial effects for a wide range of physiological outcomes including chronic inflammation. However, considerable mechanistic gaps in knowledge exist about EPA versus DHA, which are often studied as a mixture. We suggest the novel hypothesis that EPA and DHA may compete against each other through overlapping mechanisms. First, EPA and DHA may compete for residency in membrane phospholipids and thereby differentially displace n-6 PUFAs, which are highly prevalent in the Western diet. This would influence biosynthesis of downstream metabolites of inflammation initiation and resolution. Second, EPA and DHA exert different effects on plasma membrane biophysical structure, creating an additional layer of competition between the fatty acids in controlling signaling. Third, DHA regulates membrane EPA levels by lowering its rate of conversion to EPA’s elongation product n-3 docosapentaenoic acid. Collectively, we propose the critical need to investigate molecular competition between EPA and DHA in health and disease, which would ultimately impact dietary recommendations and precision nutrition trials.
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Ag+- and RP-HPLC have been used to study the triacylglycerol fraction of a dietary supplement containing fish oil. The fatty acid (FA) distribution in the glycerol backbone of the triacylglycerol fraction was determined by stereospecific analysis. Eicosapentaenoic acid, the most abundant poly unsaturated FA, was predominantly located in the sn-3 position, while docosahexaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids were generally located in the sn-2 position. The nutritional significance of these findings is briefly discussed.
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3 Abstract: Fatty acid composition has an important role in cellular structure and function. Inflammatory behavior of the airway epithelial cells can be changed due to the manipulation of their fatty acid content, which has a critical importance in asthma. The objective of the present study was to determine the fatty acid composition of human airway epithelial cells after co-culturing with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Hence, airway epithelial cells (Calu-3, Passage 40-43, from ATCC, USA) were incubated with different concentrations (0, 10, 200, 400µM) of EPA and DHA for 24h at 37C in the presence of 5% CO and the 2 incorporation of fatty acids was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). Findings showed that there was a significant decreasing trend in the concentration of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and non- significant increasing trend in total n-3 PUFAs due to EPA and DHA supplementation. As a result of EPA incorporation, the levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and DHA declined significantly. On the contrary, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) content elevated markedly due to EPA supplementation. The EPA concentration increased significantly as a consequence of DHA incorporation. Additionally, the n-3/n-6 ratio elevated notably in both DHA and EPA supplemented groups. In conclusion, incorporation of DHA and EPA can alter the fatty acid content of airway epithelial cells in a way which has a lower inflammatory characteristic.
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