Systematic Development of National Guidelines for Obesity Care: The Swedish Approach
Paulina NowickaLovisa SjögrenAnn-Sofie BertilssonKajsa JärvholmFanny SellbergMagnus SundbomLiv ThalénYlva Trolle Lagerros
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> With the rapid development of treatment modalities for obesity management, there is an increasing demand for guidance to facilitate the prioritization of interventions. In 2020, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare started the process of producing the first national guidelines for obesity care directed to decision makers who allocate resources to the best knowledge-based care. The main aim of this paper was to describe the systematic development of these guidelines, designed to guarantee uniformly high standards of care throughout the whole country. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The standardized procedures of the National Board of Health and Welfare were applied to construct guidelines in a systematic and transparent way, including priority setting of recommendations and quality indicators to evaluate the progress of implementation. The process involved independent expert committees including professionals and patient representatives, and the guidelines were reviewed through an open public consultation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> National guidelines were issued in 2023, encompassing a broad scope, from identification and diagnosis to multiple treatment modalities, embedded in a life-course perspective from pregnancy to the elderly, as well as highlighting the need for improved knowledge and competence of health care providers. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> National guidelines for improved standard care and evidence-based and efficient use of health care resources for obesity treatment can be developed in a systematic way with professionals and patient representatives.Keywords:
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Scope (computer science)
Defining scope is perhaps the most important part of the project planning process. If you don't know what you are delivering and the boundaries of the project, you have no chance for success. In addition, if you have not done a good job of defining scope, managing scope will be almost impossible. Defining scope is not hard, but it does take an understanding of the components. Let's first think of scope in terms of high-level and low-level.KeywordsCapital AccountProject BoundaryProject ScopeScope StatementCost Estimate PackageThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Scope Initiation Scope Planning Scope Definition The Need for Scope Management Sources of Scope Change Scope Verification Case Studies Summary
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Comparison of search strategies in systematic reviews of adverse effects to other systematic reviews
Abstract Background Research indicates that the methods used to identify data for systematic reviews of adverse effects may need to differ from other systematic reviews. Objectives To compare search methods in systematic reviews of adverse effects with other reviews. Methods The search methodologies in 849 systematic reviews of adverse effects were compared with other reviews. Results Poor reporting of search strategies is apparent in both systematic reviews of adverse effects and other types of systematic reviews. Systematic reviews of adverse effects are less likely to restrict their searches to MEDLINE or include only randomised controlled trials ( RCT s). The use of other databases is largely dependent on the topic area and the year the review was conducted, with more databases searched in more recent reviews. Adverse effects search terms are used by 72% of reviews and despite recommendations only two reviews report using floating subheadings. Conclusions The poor reporting of search strategies in systematic reviews is universal, as is the dominance of searching MEDLINE . However, reviews of adverse effects are more likely to include a range of study designs (not just RCT s) and search beyond MEDLINE .
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When analysing impact of IT on business, Professor Porter departed from his former ideology, his discussion is not all-sided and totally correct Being not considerate is that he commented impact on geographical scope and industrial scope only, excluding segmentary scope and vertical scope. Being not correct is that he mentioned expanding or shrinking of competitive scope in general, but the changing direction of four competitive scopes is not always consistent. This paper considers that under impact of information technology, the three of four competitive scopes will shrink: segmentary scope, industrial scope and vertical scope; only one will expand: geographical scope.
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Abstract This chapter turns to Article 2 of the Market Abuse Regulation, which defines the scope of the Regulation in its entirety. Article 2 distinguishes between the primary scope of application governed by Article 2(1) and the extended scope of application solely for the prohibition of market abuse governed by Article 2(2). However, Article 2(3) sets almost no limitation for the scope of application for certain transactions, orders, or behaviour on trading venues. Finally, Article 2(4) defines the territorial scope of application. This chapter discusses the historical development of Article 2’s scope of application before turning to more detailed commentary on each section of the Article.
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Business efficiency is based on scope. Different enterprises have different optimal scope and its own way of fulfilling it. This essay deals with the following: To achieve optimal efficiency, how an enterprise handles its overmuch resources under the optimal scope; the pure scope expansion; the scope expansion when the relationship between price and output appears linear. The essay concludes the following: when the enterprise has the preliminary optimal scope and doesn't own overmuch resources, the pure scope expansion as the way of the resources and enlargement is the best; when the relationship between price and output appears linear, the enterprise can achieve optimal expansion coefficient and greatest optimal scope.
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Firms with different scope of technologies experience different firm growth. Understanding such heterogeneity requires knowing not only what drives technologies' scope but also why these drivers remain different across firms. I propose inventor specialization as a driver of technologies' scope: firms with more specialized inventors create narrower scope technologies. I also propose that these narrower scope technologies themselves in turn induce these firms' inventors to remain more specialized. I empirically demonstrate this two-way interrelationship in the U.S. communication equipment industry using policy shocks as natural experiments and a new measure of scope. This interrelationship has important implications for why resources and organization appear isomorphic within a firm but heterogeneous across firms. t © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Economies of scope
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In this article, we describe the strengths and weaknesses of several methods of locating systematic reviews, including electronic databases such as MEDLINE, Best Evidence (the electronic version of ACP Journal Club and Evidence-Based Medicine), and the Cochrane Library (a regularly updated source of reviews and controlled trials produced by the Cochrane Collaboration). We also present steps that can be used to critically appraise review articles; as an example, we use a systematic review that evaluates the gastrointestinal toxicity of various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the context of a clinical scenario.
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Firstly, this article analyses the basic value and the establishing principle of the accepting scope of administrative procedure,then it reviews the present situation and shortcoming of the establishing pattern.The writer argues that the very narrow scope have been the most outstanding problem of administrtive procedure act,and suggests rebuilding the the scope by the pattern of general description plus negtive enumeration.Also, the writer argues that the abstract and inner-administrative behavior should be incorporated into the scope,meaning while,the scope should be enlarged from the views of all kinds of benefits,litigants and the content of the judicial review.
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Introduction: Physical modalities are performed by physiotherapists based on physiatrists’ orders, so the residents pay less attention to the need and importance of learning the practical modalities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of teaching the practical aspects of modalities to residents of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in order to improve their skills and attitudes toward ordering and doing physical modalities. Methods: In an interventional, before after study, all residents of physical medicine and rehabilitation, took the medical history of the patients willingly participatedand performed physical examinationand ordered physical modalities. They were also assessed by performing the modalities on the patient. Following the primary assessment, an experienced physiotherapist taught the residents how to do physical modalities. After the practical education, residents were assessed by ordering the modalities and performing them on simulated patients. Their satisfaction of the educational program was evaluated after the intervention. Results: The mean scores of using modalities before and after the education were 23.08± 5.50 and 52±10.18 respectively (p=0.0001). The mean scores of ordering the modalities before and after the education were 1 and 1.66 (p=0.038). The mean score of satisfaction was 91.66±8.74 out of 100. Conclusion: Since physical medicine and rehabilitation residents and specialists who order physical modalities for patients do not perform it on their own patients, teaching the practical physical modalities can improve their skills. The satisfaction rate of residents with the course was very high.
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