Demonstration of a small‐scale power generator using supercritical CO2
Ligeng LiHua TianXin LinXianyu ZengYurong WangWeilin ZhugeLingfeng ShiXuan WangXingyu LiangGequn Shu
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Abstract The supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) power cycle could improve efficiencies for a wide range of thermal power plants. The sCO 2 turbine generator plays an important role in the sCO 2 power cycle by directly converting thermal energy into mechanical work and electric power. The operation of the generator encounters challenges, including high temperature, high pressure, high rotational speed, and other engineering problems, such as leakage. Experimental studies of sCO 2 turbines are insufficient because of the significant difficulties in turbine manufacturing and system construction. Unlike most experimental investigations that primarily focus on 100 kW‐ or MW‐scale power generation systems, we consider, for the first time, a small‐scale power generator using sCO 2 . A partial admission axial turbine was designed and manufactured with a rated rotational speed of 40,000 rpm, and a CO 2 transcritical power cycle test loop was constructed to validate the performance of our manufactured generator. A resistant gas was proposed in the constructed turbine expander to solve the leakage issue. Both dynamic and steady performances were investigated. The results indicated that a peak electric power of 11.55 kW was achieved at 29,369 rpm. The maximum total efficiency of the turbo‐generator was 58.98%, which was affected by both the turbine rotational speed and pressure ratio, according to the proposed performance map.Keywords:
Electric generator
Maximum power principle
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The major challenges before the design engineers of a gas turbine plant and its variants are the enhancement of power output, substantial reduction in NOx emission and improvement in plant thermal efficiency. There are various possibilities to achieve these objectives and humid air gas turbine cycle power plant is one of them. The present study deals with the thermodynamic study of humid air gas turbine cycle power plants based on first law. Using the modeling and governing equations, the parametric study has been carried out. The results obtained will be helpful in designing the humid air gas turbines, which are used as peaking units. The comparison of performance of humid air gas turbine cycle shows that it is superior to basic gas turbine cycle but inferior and more complex to steam injected cycle.
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By combining an integrated system with a gas turbine, coal-fired air turbine cycle technology can produce energy at an efficiency rate of over 40%, with capital and operating costs below those of competing conventional systems. Read this fact sheet to discover the additional benefits of this exciting new technology.
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Based on the problems of small and medium sized coal-fired thermal power plants,it is proposed that the coal-fired thermal power system is reconstructed into the gas and steam combined cycle power generation system. The reconstruction scheme, the equipment configuration principle and the environmental benefit are discussed. The heat economy of the gas and steam combined cycle power generation system is analyzed by a calculation example.
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Coal fired
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Compared was the performance of a 80 kW micro gas turbine recuperative cycle after its conversion to a HAT (humid air turbine) cycle with and without an aftercooler. The needed increase in the heat exchanger area is given. The research results show that for the gas turbine under investigation,both the conversion efficiencies and power outputs of the HAT cycle system with and without an aftercooler are nearly the same. Compared with the HAT cycle having an aftercooler,the cycle without an aftercooler is equipped with a humidifier of a greater height and volume. The total heat exchange area (sum of the heat exchange areas of the aftercooler,humidifier and economizer),however,becomes smaller in the absence of the aftercooler. This means that the total investment will be lower,and the configuration of the HAT cycle system,more simple,thus making the system more compact and its control easier.
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In this masters thesis, a design proces for a combined cycle thermal power plant was elaborated. The plant parameters are based on existing thermal power plant in Croatia. The input data for the start of the design calculation was 80 MWel total power output. The power plant consists of two blocks that can operate independently of each other. Each block consists of a gas turbine part that produces 30 MWel and a steam turbine part that produces an additional 10 MWel. The gas and steam part of the plant are connected by a heat recovery steam generation where the exhaust fumes from the gas turbine deliver heat to the water and the steam which are then used in the steam turbine part of the process.
The introduction part describes the operating principle of the gas turbine power plant, the steam turbine power plant and finally the working principle of the combined cycle power plant. Then a short description of the combined cycle thermal power plant located in Croatia KTE Jertovec follows.
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A gas turbine humid-air injected cycle is discussed with the assertion that there are two kinds of injected cycle,namely,internal and external humid air injection.On the basis of a partial regenerative steam injected gas turbine(PRSTIG) cycle analyzed is the impact of such parameters as turbine entry temperature,pressure ratio,injection ratio and regeneration ratio,etc on cycle efficiency and specific work.Through a comparison and discussion of the specific features of the two relevant cycles the authors have come to the conclusion that the humid air injected cycle makes it possible to enhance output power by 10%～25%,reduce heat consumption rate by 6%～15% and NO_x emissions by 15%～50%.Moreover,the abovementioned modification can be implemented on existing power plants.
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