Predicting therapeutic responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from TP53 mutation detected by cell-free DNA
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Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an epithelial malignant tumor originating from the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasal cavity, sinuses, nasopharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. Mutations in TP53 are the most common of all somatic genomic changes in HNSCC, and TP53 mutations are associated with the response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Tumor-derived circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a minimally invasive method to determining genetic alterations in cancer. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic responses of patients with HNSCC with TP53 mutation and the accuracy of cfDNA for detecting TP53 mutation. Methods: Information on TP53 mutations, patient survival time, and clinical data in HNSCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The difference in immune infiltration between the TP53-mutant group and the wild-type group was compared. We applied the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis method on the transcriptome of HNSCC samples to assess the distribution of immune cell types between the two groups. The chemotherapy response was constructed using the R software package, "pRRophetic". Gene set enrichment analysis was performed based on the TP53 mutation. The next-generation sequencing was executed on cfDNA from nine patients with HNSCC to detect genetic alterations. Tumor biopsy (n=9) was sequenced using the same technique. Results: TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in HNSCC. The TP53 mutation was related to immune cells and the expression of immune-associated genes. The TP53 mutation group showed lower response to immunotherapy but high sensitivity to some chemotherapies compared with the wild-type group. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene (6/9; 66.67%) in cfDNA. Only 27.27% of TP53 mutations in tumor tissue were detected outside of cfDNA. Conclusions: TP53 mutation could be used as a specific predictor of treatment response in patients with HNSCC. Using cfDNA to detect the TP53 mutations in patients with HSNCC is a feasible method. The results suggested that the therapeutic response in patients could be predicted by detecting TP53 mutations in cfDNA, and large-scale and prospective studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.Introduction. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx accounts for a significant percentage of all head and neck cancers. Aim. In this paper we determine the differences in magnetic resonance relaxation time (MRI) of water in cancerous and healthy larynx tissues. Material and methods. This study is aimed on T2 MRI modalities for monitoring morphology of larynx tissue. Results. Our results showed that T2 MRI relaxation time measured in larynx tissue can be used to assess early cancer condition of larynx tissues. The changes of T2 MRI correspond to tumor growth within normal tissue. Conclusion. The study showed potential of MRI for the non-invasive monitoring of larynx condition.
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Other SectionsAbstractINTRODUCTIONHISTORY OF LASER TREATMENT FOR LARYNX CANCERTYPES OF LASER TECHNOLOGIES USED IN LARYNX CANCER TREATMENTBENEFITS AND RISKS OF LASER TREATMENT FOR LARYNX CANCERLIMITATION OF LASER TREATMENT FOR LARYNX CANCERRADIATION AND CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER LASER TREATMENT FOR LARYNX CANCERCOMPLICATION OF LASER TREATMENT FOR LARYNX CANCERLASER TREATMENT FOR LARYNX CANCER: FUTURECONCLUSIONACKNOWLEDGMENTSAUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSCONFLICT OF INTERESTFUNDINGDATA AVAILABILITYSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALSReferences
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Larynx is a term that refers to the tubular organ that lies between the pharynx and the trachea. The larynx, which appears in most vertebrates, is made up of nine cartilages and is a key piece in the phonation apparatus.
In humans, the larynx is located in the anterior part of the neck and borders it with the upper part of the trachea. Constituted as the organ of phonation, the larynx responds to the needs of voice and phonation by containing the upper and lower vocal cords.
The invasion of a virus or bacteria, the swelling of viruses and cancer are some of the diseases that affect the larynx.
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In the past decades, prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not improved despite substantial progress in treatment options. Since antitumoral immunity was described, immunotherapy has shown promising results as an adjunctive treatment in various cancer types. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have been identified and shown to stimulate selective T-cell-mediated antitumoral immune response. This article briefly reviews the work done in the field of immunotherapy of HNSCC in the past few years. It gives confidence that immunotherapy may play an important role in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Among various TAAs, the family of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) may be promising candidates for specific immune therapy in HNSCC. Ongoing studies will confirm whether CTAs may generate an immune response in clinical vaccine trials.
Cancer Immunotherapy
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Immunotherapy approaches for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are rapidly advancing. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a causative agent in a subset of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC). HPV-positive OPC comprises a distinct clinical and pathologic disease entity and has a unique immunophenotype. Immunotherapy with anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitors has exhibited improved outcomes for patients with advanced HNSCC, irrespective of HPV status. To date, the clinical management of HPV-positive HNSCC and HPV-negative HNSCC has been identical, despite differences in the tumor antigens, immune microenvironment, and immune signatures of these two biologically distinct tumor types. Numerous clinical trials are underway to further refine the application of immunotherapy and develop new immunotherapy approaches. The aim of this review is to highlight the developing role of immunotherapy in HPV-positive HNSCC along with the clinical evidence and preclinical scientific rationale behind emerging therapeutic approaches, with emphasis on promising HPV-specific immune activators that exploit the universal presence of foreign, non-self tumor antigens.
Cancer Immunotherapy
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Benign tumors of the larynx are of interest and importance to the laryngologist, not only because of the symptoms which they produce by interference with the normal functions of the vocal mechanism or by obstruction of the respiratory tract but because of the necessity of distinguishing them from malignant laryngeal lesions. Tumors of a bengin nature do not occur frequently in the larynx. During the past thirty years 722 patients with benign laryngeal growths have been examined at the Mayo Clinic. It is interesting to find that these tumors, apparently, are encountered less often than are malignant neoplasms, as approximately 1,100 malignant tumors of the larynx were observed during this same period. In any discussion of benign tumors of the larynx, there arises the need of defining the term "benign laryngeal tumor." Occasionally, there occur benign new growths, composed of cells which resemble various normal tissue cells but which fulfill
Respiratory tract
Benign tumor
Laryngeal Diseases
Benign neoplasms
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