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    EP034 / #57 THREE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF A LARGE, MULTICENTER, REAL-WORLD STUDY UTILIZING A MULTIMODAL SCS SYSTEM CAPABLE OF COMBINATION THERAPY
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    Keywords:
    Neurostimulation
    Modalities
    Modality (human–computer interaction)
    Therapeutic modalities
    Multimodal therapy
    Treatment modality
    This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Treatment of refractory angina Neurostimulation in ischemic pain Mechanisms of action Clinical effects Conclusion References
    Neurostimulation
    Refractory (planetary science)
    Neurostimulators used to treat chronic, intractable pain have evolved from technical developments in pacemaker technology. A totally implantable spinal cord stimulation (SCS) system* was designed based on elements of a widely used cardiac pacemaker.** This paper reports on the transformation of pacemaker technology for neurostimulation applications and presents results of using this system for the treatment of 90 patients with chronic, intractable pain of the low back and/or legs. Significant reduction in pain levels resulted from use of a totally implantable spinal cord stimulation system. Seventy percent of the patients experienced good or excellent pain relief at an average of 14.5 months after implant. Patients who used an automatic ON/OFF cycling mode of stimulation reported greater pain relief than patients who were stimulated continuously.
    Neurostimulation
    Spinal cord stimulator
    Intractable pain
    Neuromodulation
    Neurostimulation
    Peripheral nerve stimulation
    Neuromodulation
    Spinal cord stimulator
    Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has become the preferred option for neurosurgical management of several intractable pains. To evaluate effects of dual lead SCS using two quad leads for central post-stroke pain (CPSP), we retrospectively reviewed eight consecutive patients with CPSP who underwent SCS. Six (75%) of eight patients obtained more than 50% pain relief during test stimulation, and the efficacies continued for about 12 months in five (83%) of six patients. There were no significant complications. SCS is less invasive neurostimulation treatment and provides pain relief for some cases of CPSP.
    Neurostimulation
    Lead (geology)
    Stroke
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