Neutron Scattering in Studies of Ferroelectrics, Ferroelastics, and Superprotonics: Structure, Microstructure, and Phase Transitions
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Among the various techniques developed to characterize the structure of polymer blends, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) has received considerable attention over the past few years. By using SANS it is possible to determine the conformation of the polymer chain as well as the interaction parameter between the components of the blend.
Characterization
Biological small-angle scattering
Small-Angle Scattering
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A modified quenching and deformation dilatometer (TA instruments DIL 805A/D/T) is now in operation at the Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ, Germany) neutron center. It is customized for running neutron scattering measurements during the temperature/deformation treatment of the sample, in particular neutron diffraction (phase, texture, and lattice strain) and neutron small angle scattering. The bulk length change of dilatometer specimens is successfully combined with in situ neutron diffraction patterns for analyzing dynamic processes in metallic materials. A detailed introduction to the unique dilatometer is given and examples of recent experiments highlight the use of the added insight provided by combining diffraction and dilatometry.
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Small-Angle Scattering
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Neutron scattering is a powerful method to investigate hierarchical structure and dynamics of soft matter. In this article, several experimental results of surfactant systems, binary liquid mixtures with antagonistic salt, lipid membrane and hydration water by means of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering, Neutron Spin Echo and Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering were introduced.
Neutron spin echo
Neutron reflectometry
Soft matter
Biological small-angle scattering
Quasielastic neutron scattering
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Small-Angle Scattering
Biological small-angle scattering
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Neutron scattering techniques have been used frequently to characterize geological specimens and to determine the structures of glasses and of polymers as solutions, suspensions, or melts. Little work has been reported on their application in determining polymers' structural properties relevant to separations. Here, we present a comparison of characterization results from nitrogen porosimetry and from combined small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall angle neutron scattering (USANS) experiments. We show that SANS is extremely sensitive to the pore characteristics. Both approaches can provide information about porosity and pore characteristics, but the neutron scattering techniques provide additional information in the form of the surface characteristics of the pores and their length scales. Fits of the scattering data show that cylindrical pores are present with diameters down to 0.6 μm and that, for length scales down to approxmately 20 Å, the material shows self-similar (fractal) slopes of −3.4 to −3.6. Comparison of these characteristics with other examples from the scattering literature indicate that further investigation of their meaning for chromatographic media is required.
Characterization
Small-Angle Scattering
Neutron reflectometry
Biological small-angle scattering
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Abstract The contribution of neutron scattering to polymer science is reviewed. A summary is given of the theory of neutron scattering followed by a review of the literature. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of small angle neutron scattering to observe the conformation of polymer chains in bulk polymers and concentrated polymer solutions and on quasi elastic neutron scattering to measure the dynamics of polymer chains.
Biological small-angle scattering
Neutron spin echo
Polymer physics
Quasielastic neutron scattering
Neutron reflectometry
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Small-Angle Scattering
Small-angle X-ray scattering
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