Gain1q in Myeloma Randomized Clinical Trials- How Is It Reported and How Does It Impact Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Karun NeupaneGliceida Galarza FortunaRiyasha DahalTimothy M. SchmidtRafaël FonsecaDoug SborovMeera MohanHira MianRajshekhar ChakrabortyGhulam Rehman Mohyuddin
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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of one visit root canal therapy(RCT) and several visit RCT for cracked teeth.Methods Cracked teeth with pulposis or apical disease were randomized to receive one visit RCTor several visit RCT,their responses were compared.Results The long-term therapeutic effects of one visit RCT were batter than those of several visit RCT,but the differences were not significant.The concomitant symptoms were significantly less and treatment time was significantly shorter in one visit RCT group as compared with several visit RCT group.Conclusion One visit RCT is recommended for the RCT of cracked teeth.
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Objective:In order to clarify the actual situations of the randomized control trial(RCT)or quasi-randomized trial(QRT)and prospective clinical experimental researches in the journals of opthalmology,the related materials from 7 major journals of opthalmology from the start publication up to the year of 1999 were hand searched.Method:We handsearching These journals hand searched. and according to the criteria of RCT and QCT were included according to Cochrane Center handsearch standards.Results:Seven Ophthalmologic Journals had 21317 papers,the RCT and QCT 280 papers were included,about 1.31%,A tolal of 7428 papers were in 179 issues of China Ophthalmologic Journal,62 papers could be included,about 0.84%.The RCT and QCT in the year of 60s are rare,after 1970,RCT and CCT increased year by year.Conclusion:As the Evidence-Based Medicine becoming gradually accepted of in clinical ophthalmology,the RCT and CCT would likely to be increased year by year in ophthalmologic journals.
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Objective To study the clinical characteristics of multiple myeloma with double clones and analyze its related laboratory diagnostic and therapeutic methods.Methods A case of multiple myeloma with double clones of IgG-κ and IgG-λ was reported and its related literature was reviewed.Results The myeloma protein ingredients were different between multiple myeloma with double clones and typical multiple myeloma.Immune fixation electrophoresis was of diagnostic value for multiple myeloma with double clones.The treatment outcome was usually a decreased or disappeared myeloma protein ingredient.The prognosis of patients was rather good.Conclusion Multiple myeloma with double clones is a rare plasma cell disorder,which is different from typical multiple myeloma in clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis,and should thus be differentially diagnosed from typical multiple myeloma.
Myeloma protein
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Objective To evaluate the clinical responses and effects after one visit RCT and several visits RCT. Meth-ods Cracked teeth with endodontitis or periapical disease were randomized into 2 groups according to they were treated by one visit RCT or several visits RCT,and their clinical responses and effects. Results The long-term effects of one visit RCT was better than that of several visits RCT. But There was no statistical differences between two groups. The clinical responses and treating time were reduced dramatically after one visit RCT was used. Conclusion One visit RCT is recom-mended for the cracked teeth RCT.
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The chapter discusses the randomized clinical trial (RCT) with noncompliance, in which only patients assigned to an experimental treatment group can have access to the experimental treatment, the simple noncompliance RCT. For certain treatments, such as flu vaccine or quitting smoking, it is not ethical to randomly assign high-risk patients to receive either the treatment or the placebo. Thus, to alleviate the ethical concern in application of the traditional RCT, the randomized encouragement design (RED) is often suggested. Based on whether noncompliance can occur in only one or both of the two randomized groups, the randomized consent designs can be classified as a single-consent randomized design (SCRD) and a double-consent randomized design (DCRD). Controlled Vocabulary Terms randomized controlled trial
Completely randomized design
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Multiple myeloma (MM) is the leading cause of death among hematologic neoplasms. Recently, microRNA has been reported to be useful in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. This study examined whether miR-221 could be used as a diagnostic marker for multiple myeloma. The study was performed on 20 patients with multiple myeloma without any other hematological diseases. MicroRNA extraction was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues obtained from the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma. miR-15a, miR-16, miR-21, miR-181a, and miR-221 were selected as the microRNA target genes for multiple myeloma. The significance of microRNA was based on a fold change of <1.5. to="" quantify="" the="" fold="" changes="" data="" normalized="" to="" the="" human="" gene="" italic="">SNORD43, were used as the values of the patient group. Fold change values greater than 1.5 were defined as “overexpression”, whereas values less than -1.5 were defined as “underexpression”. Of note, 65.0% (13/20) of samples showed significant “overexpression” in the levels of miR-221 expression and plasma cells with a group of more and less than 30% in MM patients did not show any significance of plasma cell (P<0.05). The results of other studies showing a correlation between the expression of miR-221 and MM in Caucasians were confirmed. These results suggest that miR-221 may be a useful indicator for diagnosing patients with MM. In conclusion, miR-221 is useful in the diagnosis and determining the prognosis of multiple myeloma in Koreans.
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