Polydopamine@ZIFs with enhanced electrochemiluminescence quenching performance for mycotoxin detection
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Keywords:
Electrochemiluminescence
Luminophore
Linear range
Luminol
Chemiluminescence, a low-temperarure light emission due to a chemical reaction, is demonstrated on the reaction of luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione), hydrogen peroxide, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and alkaline hydroxide. The synthesis of luminol from common chemicals and its impressive chemiluminescence are described.
Luminol
Potassium hydroxide
Peroxide
Potassium periodate
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Development of novel high-sensitivity chemiluminescence assay for luminol using thiourea derivatives
We have screened about 100 thiourea derivatives in order to develop a sensitive chemiluminescence detection for luminol derivatives. Among these derivatives, we found a new compound, 2-(3-methylthioureido) thiazole, that could be used to measure luminol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The detection limits of luminol and N-(4-aminobutyl)-N-ethylisoluminol (ABEI) were 10 fmol and 100 fmol, respectively. The mechanism of proposed chemiluminescence reaction was studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) with and without superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the addition of ethanol. The results showed that 2-(3-methylthioureido) thiazole has the ability to generate hydroxyl radical from H2O2, and produces intense chemiluminescence in the presence of luminol. The proposed novel chemiluminescence reaction for luminol and luminol derivatives was applied to a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for amino compounds. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Luminol
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Luminol
Hydroxyl radical
Peroxide
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The effect of surface confinement on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of metallopolymer [Ru(bpy)2(PVP)10]2+, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl and PVP is poly(4-vinylpyridine), is reported. Immobilizing a luminescent material on an electrode surface can substantially modulate its photophysical properties. Significantly, our study revealed that the overall efficiency of the ECL reaction for the metallopolymer film is almost four times higher, at 0.15%, than the highest value obtained for [Ru(bpy)2(PVP)10]2+ dissolved in solution, (φECL = 0.04%). Electrochemistry has been used to create well-defined concentrations of the quencher Ru3+ within the film. Analysis of both the steady-state luminescence and lifetimes of the film reveals that static quenching by electron transfer between the photoexcited Ru2+* and the Ru3+ centers is the dominant quenching mechanism. The bimolecular rate of electron transfer is (2.5 ± 0.4) × 106 M-1 s-1. The implications of these findings for ECL-based sensors, in terms of optimum luminophore loading, is considered.
Electrochemiluminescence
Luminophore
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We explored the behaviour of a series of phenolic acids used as enhancers or inhibitors of luminol chemiluminescence by three different methods to determine if behaviour was associated with phenolic acid structure and redox character. All the phenolic acids inhibited chemiluminescence when hexacyanoferrate (III) was reacted with the phenolic acids before adding luminol. The redox character of these compounds was clearly related to structure. When hexacyanoferrate(III)-luminol-O2 chemiluminescence was initiated by phenolic acid-luminol mixtures some phenolic acids behaved as enhancers of chemiluminescence, and others as inhibitors. We propose a mechanism to explain these findings. We found direct relationships between the redox character of the phenolic acids and the enhancement or inhibition of the chemiluminescence of the luminol-H2O2-peroxidase system and we propose mechanism to explain these phenomena.
Luminol
Phenolic acid
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Abstract Electrochemiluminescence (electrogenerated chemiluminescence, ECL), which involves light emission from excited states of electrochemically generated species at the electrode surface, is widely applied for chemical analysis. Integrating the advantages of outstanding selectivity from biological recognition and the high sensitivity of ECL signaling, ECL biosensors are powerful for ultrasensitive bio‐checkups and quantification, in which luminol is adopted as an important luminophore. Nanomaterials have been introduced into ECL biosensors, which enlarge the applicable pH range and improve analytical performances, with successful applications in clinical events. In particular, this Minireview will focus on new progresses related to luminol‐based biosensors and their applications in clinical diagnosis, with emphasis on nanomaterials being employed as the improver.
Electrochemiluminescence
Luminol
Luminophore
Nanomaterials
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Chloramine derivatives of amino acids induce chemiluminescence of a luminol solution. The chemiluminescence is more prolonged than the emission of luminol produced by hypochlorite. Persistent chemiluminescence also appears under the action of hypochlorite on a mixture of luminol and amino acids. It is assumed that the chemiluminescence of luminol in suspensions of stimulated phagocytes may be associated with its oxidation by chloramines.
Luminol
Hypochlorite
Chloramine-T
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Luminol
Zymosan
Phagocyte
Antibody opsonization
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The construction of advanced systems capable of accurately detecting neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is essential for rapidly diagnosing small-cell lung cancer. In this study, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) resonance energy transfer immunosensor was proposed for the ultra-sensitive detection of NSE. The co-reactants C2O42- and Ru(bpy)32+ were integrated to form a self-enhanced ECL luminophore (Ru-ZnMOF) as the ECL donor. The abundant carboxyl functional groups of Ru-ZnMOF supported antibody 1 via an amidation reaction. Polydopamine-modified zinc dioxide nanoflowers, as ECL acceptors, inhibited Ru-ZnMOF ECL signaling. The linear range of NSE was 10 fg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.3 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3), which is suitably low for determining NSE in real samples.
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Electrochemiluminescence
Linear range
Enolase
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