Update on the risk factors for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand
Sattrachai PrasopdeeThittinan RojthongpondYanwadee ChitkoolsamphanMontinee PholhelmSiraphatsorn YusukJunya PattaraarchachaiKritiya ButthongkomvongJutharat KulsantiwongTeva PhanaksriAnthicha KunjantarachotSmarn TesanaThanakrit SathavornmaneeVeerachai Thitapakorn
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Abstract:
This study aimed to identify the recent risk factors for Opisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) to improve disease prevention. The participants were divided into the following 3 groups based on their health status: healthy control (nonOV and nonCCA), those with O. viverrini infection (OV), and those with CCA. A questionnaire was used to explore their lifestyle and behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression and backward elimination were used to identify the significant risk factors. The results showed that the significant risk factors for both O. viverrini infection and CCA were age>50 years (odd ratio (OR)=8.44, P<0.001, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.98-23.90 and OR=43.47, P=0.001, 95% CI 14.71-128.45, respectively) and raw fish consumption (OR=8.48, P< 0.001, 95% CI 3.18-22.63 and OR=3.15, P=0.048, 95% CI 1.01-9.86, respectively). A history of O. viverrini infection was identified as an additional risk factor for CCA (OR=20.93, P=0.011, 95% CI 2.04-215.10). This study provided an update on the risk factors for O. viverrini infection and CCA. Asymptomatic patients with O. viverrini infection, particularly those>50 years old, should be carefully monitored to prevent CCA.Keywords:
Opisthorchis viverrini
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchis
Fish-borne parasitic zoonosis such as Opisthorchiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of Southeast Asia and Me Kong Basin region including Thailand. The focal point of Opisthorchiasis is located in north-eastern part of Thailand, along with high prevalence coincidence of cholangiocarcinoma, a major primary carcinoma of the liver with a very poor prognosis. Opisthorchis viverrini infection caused by developed cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). O. viverrini infection is acquired by eating raw or partially cooked fish. In endemic areas, several food preparations contain uncooked or raw freshwater fish. The most common local freshwater fish used for this recipe are Koi Pla, Pla Som, Lab Pla and Pla Yang or Grill fish. Raw fish dishes are known to be associated with the risk of liver fluke infection due to the consumption of cyprinoid fish that contains metacercaria of O. viverrini. Grill fish and Lab-Pla are among the famous Thai traditional food in the northeastern and northern part of Thailand. The consumption of raw Grill fish can lead to O. viverrini infection because cyprinoid fish is a second intermediate host of O. viverrini. This study investigated the literature of previous working for prevention and control of Opisthorchiasis and confirm worm-free cooking safety of cooking with consideration of time for the preparation of freshwater fish-grill for the prevention and control of Opisthorchiasis and Cholangiocarcinoma infection. The unique experiment experimental designed. The freshwater fishes grill within the group of 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 minutes with 10 fresh water fishes from fisherman in Nakhon Phanom and Sakhon Nakorn provinces which reported high O. viverrini infection among risk people in 2009. The another experiment using frozen freshwater fish at -10 degree for 5 days. The results showed that metacercariae remained active in control and 1-2 minutes experimental groups. The groups 3-5 minutes of grill fish partially cooked showed inactive metacercariae. The excretory bladder spread with unclear form. The conclusion suggested that worm-free cooking under review, and unique experiment of cook safety is a crucial basic knowledge leading to bringing knowledge, practically for the prevention and control Liver fluke infection. Recommendation information also let people better understand the concerns during health literacy program to stop transmission of liver fluke and need to be discussed among head villagers, public health agencies and teachers in the public participation process and school health program.
Opisthorchiasis
Opisthorchis viverrini
Opisthorchis
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ABSTRACT Immunoreactive components of Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), radioimmunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Somatic extracts from these two liver flukes as well as from other related parasites, together with the metabolic products, were tested for their reactivities with sera from patients with opisthorchiasis and clonorchiasis. A significant cross-reactivity in the ELISA was noted between Opisthorchis and Clonorchis . Immunoblotting and radioimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that the 89-kD protein which was previously shown to be a predominant metabolic product of O. viverrini reacted with sera from both groups of patients. However, an antigen with a molecular weight of 16 kD, apparently a predominant somatic component, appeared to be specific for O. viverrini .
Opisthorchis viverrini
Clonorchis sinensis
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The case of a 20-year-old Laotian student with cholangitis, Gram-negative speticemia, and a large common duct stone associated with heavy infection by Opisthorchis viverrini is presented. Opisthorchis infection has been previously related to chronic cholangitis and an increased risk of hepatic malignancy. The formation of biliary stones as a result of infection with this parasite also appears to be possible.
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Opisthorchis viverrini
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We performed an epidemiologic survey of opisthorchiasis in Yangon, Myanmar. The fecal egg-positive rate of residents was 0.7%, and we recovered an adult fluke after chemotherapy and purging of an egg-positive resident. We detected Opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in freshwater fish. We found the Yangon area to have low-grade endemicity of opisthorchiasis.
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Abstract Parasitic diseases are relatively rarely diagnosed and treated in Europe. Therefore, European clinicians are not familiar with their clinical and imaging features. In an era of increased human migration, it is fundamental for clinicians to be able to identify such diseases. We have recently described the features of cystic echinococcosis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis and ascariasis. Here, we report on the clinical and imaging features as well as on the current therapy options of infections by the small liver flukes: Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) and Opisthorchis felineus (cat liver fluke) and other Opisthorchis species prevalent in South Asia.
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