Efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada y la edad del rebrote sobre el valor nutritivo de Brachiaria brizantha cv. "Marandú"
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This study evaluated the dry matter production and chemical composition of Brachiaria forage grasses in the offseason after corn harvest in integrated crop-livestock system. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Goiás, Rio Verde Campus, using a randomized complete block experimental design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the forages: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piata; Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4; Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria ruziziensis, intercropped in oversown corn for implantation of integrated crop-livestock system. The results showed that intercropping corn with Brachiaria grasses favors the production of high-quality forage in the offseason, and the cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens showed higher dry matter production. And cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu palisadegrass, Xaraes palisadegrass and Piata palisadegrass) are the most suitable for presenting food of better quality, compared with Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG-4, Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria ruziziensis.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation and allocation of dry matter and nutrients by Brachiaria decumbens and ruziziensis, in three cuts, cultivated with an adequate supply of nutrients in the soil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with five replications, with plots consisting of five furrows of five meters in length, spaced 0.70 m apart. The average values of accumulation of Natural Matter (NM) and Dry Matter (DM) in the three cuts were, respectively, 41.0 and 6.53 t ha-1, every four weeks. There was no statistically significant difference (P≥0.05) between brachiaria; however, there was a significant effect (P≤0.05) of cutting time for forage production, since in the second cut the average production of the two brachiaria was 7.26 t of DM, surpassing in 11.77% the average of the first and third slices. In the average of the three cuts, the crude protein content of Brachiaria decumbens was 107.1 g kg-1, statistically higher than the crude protein content of Brachiaria ruziziensis (100.2 g kg-1). In the three cuts, high productivity of brachiaria decumbens and ruziziensis was observed in this intensive forage production system.
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Foi conduzido um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de bezerros em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, no sistema de lotação contínua com taxa de lotação variável. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com dois pastos representando os tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições. O período experimental foi de 30 dias, sendo 20 para adaptação dos animais e 10 para avaliações, que consistiram de três, com duração de 24h cada, em intervalos de cinco dias. Os bezerros pastejaram menos tempo no pasto de Brachiaria brizantha, com tempo de 9,75h, enquanto que o pastejo na Brachiaria decumbens foi de 11,3h. Comportamento diferente foi observado para o tempo de ruminação: 6,8 e 6,4 para os pastos de Brachiaria brizantha e Brachiaria decumbens, respectivamente. O número de bocados por minuto foi menor para a Brachiaria decumbens, 31,15, enquanto que, para a Brachiaria brizantha, os bezerros pastejaram com uma taxa de bocados de 34,91 bocados por minuto. Os bezerros tiveram um ganho de peso médio diário superior no pasto de Brachiaria brizantha (390g dia-1), enquanto que, para a Brachiaria decumbens, o ganho diário foi de 340g dia-1.
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Brachiaria (signalgrass) is now the most widely used tropical grass genus in Central and South America. However, Brachiaria spp. can cause hepatogenous photosensitization in livestock. Steroidal saponins, specifically protodioscin, present in Brachiaria spp. may be responsible for liver injury and subsequent photosensitization. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ensiling Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria brizantha or making hay from Brachiaria decumbens on the concentrations of steroidal saponin in these grasses. Brachiaria grass had no detectable levels of the saponin protodioscin after 24 days of ensiling. In addition, in Brachiaria decumbens, the concentration of the protodioscin decreased 48% over the first three days after haymaking and then remained constant. These results suggest that livestock consuming Brachiaria either as silage or hay may have reduced risk of intoxication by protodioscin.
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As part of a study of plants involved in crystal-associated hepatogenous photosensitization diseases, samples of Brachiaria decumbens and Panicum dichotomiflorum on which cattle and goats had recently been photosensitized were analyzed. The level of saponins associated with these photosensitization outbreaks were determined by GC-MS. Only low levels of Pithomyces chartarum spores were present on the B decumbens, and all isolates obtained failed to produce sporidesmin.
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هدف این مطالعه کمیسازی واکنش ریشة گونة Brachiaria decumbens به چرای گاو در چراگاه استوایی در کشور مالزی بود. تیمارها عبارت بود از: چرای تناوبی با شدت متوسط (7/2 واحد دامی در هکتار) در بلندمدت (33 سال) و عدم چرا. نمونههای ریشه همراه با خاک تا عمق 30 سانتیمتر برداشت شد. خصوصیات مورفولوژیک ریشهـ یعنی طول، قطر، سطح، و حجم آنـ با استفاده از دستگاه WinRhizo Root Scanner اندازهگیری شد. چگونگی توزیع ریشه در واحد حجم خاک با استفاده از روابط مربوطه محاسبه شد. دادهها با روش تجزیة واریانس، اندازهگیریهای مکرر، و آزمون t تجزیه و تحلیل شد. اثر چرا در طول ریشه و توزیع آن در خاک و متوسط قطر ریشه معنیدار نبود) 05/0(P >. قطر ریشه در عمق میانی (10-20) و زیرین (20-30 سانتیمتر) خاک در منطقة چراشده بهترتیب 50 درصد و 72 درصد بیش از مقادیر آن در سایت چرانشده بود )05/0(P . چرا، عمق خاک، و اثر متقابل آنها تأثیر معنیداری در وزن ریشه و تراکم وزن ریشه در واحد حجم خاک داشت )05/0(P <. در هر سه عمق خاک، وزن ریشه در سایت چراشده بیش از مقدار آن در سایت چرانشده بود )05/0(P <. چرای تناوبی با شدت متوسط در بلندمدت تأثیر منفی در خصوصیات مورفولوژیک ریشة Brachiaria decumbens و نحوة توزیع آنها در واحد حجم خاک نداشته است.
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