Hearing assessment in mobile phone users
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Background: Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of today's modern world. But with various day-to-day benefits, mobile phones also bring detrimental effects on the health of users. Ear being the closest organ in contact with phones, faces maximum effect of electromagnetic waves generated by them. Chronic exposure to these waves and sounds can result in permanent hearing loss. Hence, the present study was done to assess the association between hearing loss and duration of mobile usage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on mobile phone users between the age group of 20 and 40 years in the Department of ENT, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala over 6 months (1 August 2022 to 31 January 2023). 600 volunteers were involved and divided into three groups based on the duration of mobile phone usage. Pure tone audiometry and DPOAE were used to assess the hearing loss in these subjects. Results: A variable degree of hearing loss was observed on PTA and DPOAE in all three groups with a significant association between hearing loss and the duration of mobile phone usage. A higher proportion of sensorineural hearing loss was observed in the group with mobile phone usage of more than 1 hour per day for a minimum of 4 years as compared to those who used them for <1 hour per day for a minimum of 4 years and control group (p=0.001) which was significant statistically. Conclusions: People using mobile phones for long hours are at higher risk of developing hearing loss, especially in the dominant ear.Keywords:
Mobile phone
Pure tone audiometry
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Hearing loss is commonly encountered by general practitioners. We aimed to evaluate the screening benefit of air conduction pure-tone audiometry over visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for hearing loss. Moreover, we intended to perform the first cross-sectional study in Greece to assess hearing loss with pure-tone audiometry in young adults of the general population. We evaluated Greeks between 15 and 40 years old in a high school in Karditsa, Greece, and a primary health care unit in a nearby community. Subjects filled out a VAS score sheet and underwent pure-tone audiometry in a room without sound isolation, with air conduction only. We named the latter procedure modified pure-tone audiometry (mPTA). Subjects with pathologic results were examined via otoscopy and standardized pure-tone audiometry (sPTA). Of the 286 subjects evaluated, the VAS score revealed 5 subjects (1.7%) with hearing loss. mPTA (100 s duration) doubled this percentage (in total 3.8%; Pearson Chi-Square test; p < 0.001). Based on sPTA, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of the VAS score were 40% and 13%, respectively. For mPTA, they were 100% and 37%, respectively. mPTA filtered out pathologic cases in a proper, rapid, cheap and simple way and may be considered a proper screening method for hearing loss in primary health care.
Pure tone audiometry
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Hearing test
Bone conduction
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This study evaluates the use of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions as an alternative to pure tone audiometry for the assesment of hearing after tympanostomy tube insertion. Otoacoustic emissions and pure tone audiometry were carried out in 32 patients in whom tympanostomy tubes had been inserted. Otoacoustic emissions were detected in 78% of patients, whereas pure tone audiometry testing was only possible in 59%. Of 13 children who were 3 years of age or under, otoacoustic emissions could be measured in 62%, compared to pure tone audiometry which was only possible in 8%. Otoacoustic emission testing took on average 3 min, which was less than half the time for pure tone audiometry testing which took 7 min.
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Otoacoustic emission
Tympanostomy tube
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Abstract Objective: To investigate the hypothesis of cochlear and retrocochlear damage in scrub typhus, using evoked response audiometry. Study design: Prospective, randomised, case–control study. Methods: The study included 25 patients with scrub typhus and 25 controls with other febrile illnesses not known to cause hearing loss. Controls were age- and sex-matched. All subjects underwent pure tone audiometry and evoked response audiometry before commencing treatment. Results: Six patients presented with hearing loss, although a total of 23 patients had evidence of symmetrical high frequency loss on pure tone audiometry. Evoked response audiometry found significant prolongation of absolute latencies of wave I, III, V, and wave I–III interpeak latency. Two cases with normal hearing had increased interpeak latencies. These findings constitute level 3b evidence. Conclusion: Findings were suggestive of retrocochlear pathology in two cases with normal hearing. In other patients, high frequency hearing loss may have led to altered evoked response results. Although scrub typhus appears to cause middle ear cochlear and retrocochlear damage, the presence of such damage could not be fully confirmed by evoked response audiometry.
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Pure tone audiometry
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Tympanometry
Pure tone audiometry
Neurotoxicity
Chelation Therapy
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To characterize the audiometric results of 1/2 octave frequency pure-tone audiometry in tinnitus patients with normal threshold on octave pure-tone audiometry and determine its clinical significance.Eighty-two tinnitus patients (140 ears) with normal pure-tone threshold on octave audiometry were examined by using 1/2 octave frequency pure tone audiometry. Thirty normal subjects (60 ears) served as the control.Fifty-two ears (37.14%) were mainly hearing loss in high frequency in the tinnitus patients, which closely coincides with the frequency of tinnitus. The hearing loss was slight in most of the tinnitus patients, and the intensity of tinnitus was not related to the degree of hearing loss.1/2 octave frequency pure tone audiometry can offer the early and direct evidences of hearing loss for the tinnitus patients with normal threshold on octave pure tone audiometry, and it is of value for this method in detecting early cochlear lesions.
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Pure tone
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute secretary otitis media(SOM) in a comparative way with that of chronic SOM and their implications in the early diagnosis and treatment of the lesions. Methods A retrospective study was carried out among 90 cases(108 ears).They were divided into acute group and chronic one according to their ill course.Then their clinical data,especially that of acoustic immitance audiometry and pure tone audiometry,were analyzed in a comparative way between the two groups. Results The cases with acute SOM mainly showed type“B”or“C”of tympanograms and conductive hearing loss curve in pure tone augiogram,while those with chronic SOM mainly manifested type “B”of tympanograms and mixed hearing loss curve in augiogram as determined by acoustic immitance audiometry and pure tone audiometry respectively,with very significant differences in these indexes between the two groups. Conclusions Acoustic immitance audiometry can be taken as a very important diagnostic measure for SOM when used in a combined way with pure tone audiometry and it is very beneficial for the early and appropriate treatment of these conditions.
Pure tone audiometry
Conductive hearing loss
Tone (literature)
Acute Otitis Media
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Otitis media with effusion is the most common cause of fluctuating hearing loss in children. Pure-tone audiometry is the current mandated standard to determine hearing loss in public-school children in most states. Students who fail pure tone audiometry are at risk for otitis media with effusion because it is asymptomatic. Tympanometry, which assesses middle ear status, is used to detect hidden otitis media with effusion. This longitudinal study evaluated pure tone audiometry and tympanometry in preschool and elementary children ( n = 141). Results found 12 children (23 ears) who failed either a second threshold or tympanometry. The study also showed that a greater number of ears were identified with otitis media with effusion ( n = 19) by using pure tone audiometry and tympanometry than by using pure tone audiometry alone ( n = 4).
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Pure tone audiometry
Audiogram
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Objective: To determine the threshhold of multiple auditory steadystate responses(ASSR) and pure tone audiometry in children aged five to ten with normal hearing,and to explore the correlation between them.Methods: Thirty children with normal hearing had the ASSR and pure tone audiometry determined at 0.25,0.5,1,2,4 and 8 kHz.The coherence and correlation between the two groups were determined by the t test and the correlated modulus t test.Results: The different average threshholds of ASSR and pure tone audiometry at all tested frequencies ranged from 11 to 16.50 dBHL.There was a statistical difference between the result obtained by ASSR and pure tone audiometry at all tested frequencies(P0.05),especially at 0.25kHz and 0.5kHz(P0.01).The correlation was significant between the results by ASSR and pure tone audiometry at all tested frequencies(P0.05) by using the correlated modulus t test,except for 0.25kHz and 0.5kHz(P0.05).The correlation was obvious with an increase of frequency.Conclusion:Inthe middle or high frequencies,there are good correlations between ASSRand pure tone audiometry.However,there is a numerical value betweenthem.It is feasible to confer the pure tone hearingthreshhold of childrenagedfromfive toten by determiningthe threshhold of ASSRand by usingthe numerical value.
Pure tone audiometry
Tone (literature)
Pure tone
Positive correlation
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Objective . The majority of tinnitus patients suffer from hearing loss. But a subgroup of tinnitus patients show normal hearing thresholds in the conventional pure-tone audiometry (125 Hz–8 kHz). Here we explored whether the results of the high frequency audiometry (>8 kHz) provide relevant additional information in tinnitus patients with normal conventional audiometry by comparing those with normal and pathological high frequency audiometry with respect to their demographic and clinical characteristics. Subjects and Methods . From the database of the Tinnitus Clinic at Regensburg we identified 75 patients with normal hearing thresholds in the conventional pure-tone audiometry. We contrasted these patients with normal and pathological high-frequency audiogram and compared them with respect to gender, age, tinnitus severity, pitch, laterality and duration, comorbid symptoms and triggers for tinnitus onset. Results . Patients with pathological high frequency audiometry were significantly older and had higher scores on the tinnitus questionnaires in comparison to patients with normal high frequency audiometry. Furthermore, there was an association of high frequency audiometry with the laterality of tinnitus. Conclusion . In tinnitus patients with normal pure-tone audiometry the high frequency audiometry provides useful additional information. The association between tinnitus laterality and asymmetry of the high frequency audiometry suggests a potential causal role for the high frequency hearing loss in tinnitus etiopathogenesis.
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Audiogram
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