Fast responding and highly selective chemoresistive humidity sensor based on hydrated V2O5 nanobelts for real-time breath monitoring
Tae Hoon EomSang‐Eun LeeYeong Jae KimSungkyun ChoiGi Baek NamJung‐El RyuTae Hyung LeeJin Wook YangSung Hwan ChoSeung Ju KimSang Eon JunSeonyong LeeSeungsoo KimHee Jung ParkHo Won Jang
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The AC conductivity of aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3.16H2O) is found to be strongly humidity dependent. This property has been used to develop a humidity sensor. The AC conductance of the specially designed humidity sensor varies ~103-fold when the relative humidity changes from 22 to 88%. It is observed that the AC conductance of aluminium sulphate varies exponentially with relative humidity between 35 and 70% relative humidity levels. A transducer using aluminium sulphate may be designed for developing a humidity sensor effective between the 35 and 70% relative humidity levels. The effect of frequency on conductance is insignificant in the higher-frequency region.
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Vanadium was recovered from vanadium-containing ceaching solution with high iron concentration by reducing precipitating-redissolving process.The process steps of pre-neutralizing of leaching solution,preparation and redissolving of vanadium acid concentrate and the influence factors of each link were investigated.The results show that this process can recover vanadium and prepare qualified V2O5,but the overall recovery rate of vanadium is relatively low.
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This paper is aimed at introducing the findings from our measurement and investigation on the high temperature and humidity environment for paper-making plants.In hoping to find out the distribution regularity between the temperature and humidity in the papermaking workshops with hot and humid environment,we have carried out field measurements and investigations of five paper-making plants in different regions all over the country in different seasons.The results of our measurements and analysis reveal some regular results between the temperature and the height of the workshop buildings of such paper-making plants.To be exact,conclusions have been made that the temperature in such buildings increases with the height vertically no matter whether in summer or in winter,but the temperature in summer rises much more remarkable in comparison with that in winter.Moreover,a comparative formula has been derived with the increase of the height as compared with that of the temperature.However, the formula is just applicable for a building height below six meters.In addition,we have also worked out the relative humidity and the humidity ratio to the comparative temperature.Actually,the relative humidity and humidity ratio can be taken as the hierarchical distribution features,though they are not entirely in proper ratio to each other,for the temperature is not only related to the humidity but also to the temperature change.In some ways,it can be said that the higher the temperature,the lower the relative humidity with the humidity ratio being constant.Furthermore,both the relative humidity and humidity ratio distribution characteristics are closely related to the moisture diffusion degree and the mode of paper machines in the workshops.And,finally,we have also made believe that such a kind of hot and humid environment is harmful for the workers to stay long. In one word,the above investigation and analysis have done on temperature and humidity distribution characteristics are expected to provide an important reference for designing better ventilation conditions in such plants so as to improve better working environment both for the workers and for working machines.
Apparent temperature
Critical relative humidity
Papermaking
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The effect of an abrupt change in the relative humidity on the viability of airborne Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been examined. When the microbial aerosols were permitted to equilibrate in air held at either low or high humidities and were then subjected to a sudden shift to a mid-range humidity, a significant loss (>90%) of the colony-forming units per liter of aerosol occurred within 8 min. In contrast, a change in the relative humidity of more than 18% in either direction from a lethal mid-range humidity noticeably decreased the rate of biological decay. Double humidity shifts (i.e., from dry to a mid-range level and then to a high humidity range) were very detrimental, with very few survivors after 8 min. These results indicate that the biological stability of airborne M. pneumoniae may be easily modified by a sudden change in the relative humidity, such as occurs in natural atmospheres. This increased sensitivity brought about by producing changes in relative humidity through the lethal humidity range may provide a method whereby the control of these organisms in naturally contaminated indoor air environments may be eventually achieved.
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A speciation method for vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) is presented that uses a combination of HPLC and ICP-AES. In this method, 1 mM HNO3 solution and 100 mM HNO3 solution were applied in sequence as eluent. A vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) mixture was injected into a HPLC anion-exchange column; and vanadium(IV) cation was then eluted by 1 mM HNO3, while vanadium(V) oxoacid anion was trapped on the column. After this separation, vanadium(V) was eluted as a cation from the column by 100 mM HNO3. Vanadium was detected by ICP-AES. In this separation, about 15% of vanadium(V) interfered with vanadium(IV), and trace vanadium(IV) interfered with vanadium(V). This interference could be estimated by simple calculation based on standard observations, and the speciation of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) was performed. The lower determination limit was 1 microgram/mL, which is insufficient to speciate vanadium sampled by conventional sampling methods in a working environment. However, impurity of the other valent vanadium species in a vanadium(V) reagent can be determined by the present method, which should be valuable in precisely assessing the toxicities of vanadium species.
Ion chromatography
Genetic algorithm
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Apparent temperature
Saturation (graph theory)
Critical relative humidity
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Absorbance
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Humidity is a very important factor in representing the severity of electrostatic discharge (ESD). Low humidity indicates high risk of ESD problems; high humidity indicates low risk of ESD problems. Both relative humidity and absolute humidity can represent the level of humidity: which one is more important? The reported measurement result shows that relative humidity is more important in the discharge phase. The qualitative analysis is given.
Apparent temperature
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