2023 NIST summary of U.S. legal metrology activities
Lisa WarfieldKatrice A. LippaJan KonijnenburgLoren MinnichG Diane LeeJuana S. WilliamsJohn T McGuire
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Abstract:
The NIST Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) presents its second issue of the 2023 NIST Annual Summary of U.S. Legal Metrology Activities report. This report includes a summary of changes made to NIST Handbook 44 (2023) Specifications, Tolerances and Other Technical Requirements for Commercial Weighing and Measuring Devices, NIST Handbook 130 (2023) Uniform Laws and Regulations in the Areas of Legal Metrology, and Fuel Quality, and NIST Handbook 133 (2023) Checking the Net Contents of Packaged Goods. The summary will provide an archival record of proposals and associated actions with the goal of assisting the weights and measures community in consistently interpreting and implementing NIST Handbooks 44, and 130. Each item in this report includes a NIST OWM technical analysis, background information, and a summary of any actions taken on proposed changes to these NIST Handbooks considered in 2023.Keywords:
NIST
The development of atomic frequency standards at NIST is discussed and three of the key frequency-standard technologies of the current era are described.For each of these technologies, the most recent NIST implementation of the particular type of standard is described in greater detail.The best relative standard uncertainty achieved to date for a NIST frequency standard is 1.5ϫ10 -15 .The uncertainties of the most recent NIST standards are displayed relative to the uncertainties of atomic frequency standards of several other countries.
NIST
Standard uncertainty
Frequency standard
Primary standard
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Представлены и обсуждаются результаты эмпирического тестирования возможности обнаружения длинных повторов в двоичных последовательностях набором статистических тестов NIST. Набор детерминированных двоичных последовательностей, которые не отклоняются пакетом NIST, искажается детерминированным образом. Для того чтобы повредить двоичную последовательность, выбирается несколько ее подстрок фиксированной длины и каждая подстрока дублируется в случайном месте последовательности. Длина повторяющихся подстрок была выбрана значительно большей типичной длины самой длинной повторяющейся подстроки. Если количество повторяющихся подстрок в поврежденной последовательности невелико, то пакет NIST не отклоняет такие неслучайные криптографически слабые двоичные последовательности. Описан алгоритм, реализующий поиск самого длинного повторения подстрок в двоичной последовательности длины $n$. Этот алгоритм основан на дереве суффиксов, и его временная и пространственная сложности имеют порядок $O(n)$.
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is deploying disciplined oscillators that are referenced to the UTC(NIST) time scale through common-view observations of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. We present measurement results from four NIST disciplined oscillators (NISTDOs), three located in the United States, and one located in Concepcion, Chile. These devices replicate the NIST time scale at remote sites, and uncertainties of less than 5 ns are demonstrated at all locations. The results were verified by utilizing the national time scale of Mexico as an independent check standard. Further verification was obtained by directly comparing a NISTDO to UTC(NIST) in Boulder, Colorado.
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The equations developed for NIST (formerly National Bureau of Standards) thermal conductivity Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) were derived from thermal conductivity measurements made on guarded hot plate apparatuses at NIST. These instruments are briefly described in the certificates and more fully described in NIST special publications [1,2] Critical to the conclusions ofthis report is the size of the heat flow meter apparatus used for making measurements on the NIST thermal conductivity standards. This work describes additional variability in the NIST thermal conductivity standards when they are measured on a system which is smaller than the guarded hot plate apparatuses used at NIST
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Hot plate
Heat flow
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology as the U.S. National Metrology Institute has the fundamental responsibility to continuously push the limits of measurement science (metrology) to promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness. In 2004, NIST finished construction of a $235 million, 49 843 m2 Advanced Measurement Laboratory to enhance its measurement capabilities in response to the fast-growing metrology needs of the scientific and industrial community.
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Dimensional Metrology
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NIST-built 10 TLI and commercial 1 Tfl standard resistors were hand carried between NIST and Sandia for a high resistance comparison. The comparison tested the ruggedness of the new NIST- built standard resistors, provided a check of the scaling between the two laboratories, supported measurements to reestablish NIST calibration services at 10 TQ and 100 TSJ, and demonstrated the possibility of establishing a NIST high resistance measurement assurance program (MAP). The comparison has demonstrated agreement on the order of 0.07 YO which is within the expanded uncertainties (coverage factor =2) of NIST and $andia at 1 Tfl and 10 TQ.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
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This paper focuses upon the uncertainty of force calibration measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).The uncertainty of the realization of force for the national deadweight force standards at NIST is discussed, as well as the uncertainties associated with NIST's voltage-ratio measuring instruments and with the characteristics of transducers being calibrated.The combined uncertainty is related to the uncertainty of dissemination for force transfer standards sent to NIST for calibration.
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