Dynamic changes in physical function during intensive chemotherapy affect transplant outcomes in older adults with AML
Gi June MinByung‐Sik ChoDaehun KwagSung‐Soo ParkSilvia ParkJae‐Ho YoonSung‐Eun LeeKi‐Seong EomYoo‐Jin KimSeok LeeChang‐Ki MinSeok‐Goo ChoJong Wook LeeHee‐Je Kim
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Intensive chemotherapy (IC) can affect all geriatric assessment (GA) domains in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but data on the effects of these changes on transplant outcomes are lacking.Therefore, we prospectively assessed the prognostic role of GA domains at diagnosis and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in 51 patients with AML aged ≥60 years who achieved complete remission after IC. We performed both baseline and pre-allo-HSCT GA; moreover, physical function, including a short physical performance battery (SPPB), cognitive function, psychological function, nutritional status, and social support were examined.All GA domains showed dynamic changes between the two time points. The directions of change were statistically significant for social support, self-reported physical and psychological functions, and distress, but not for nutritional status, cognitive function, or physical function. Among all GA domains at each time point, only poor physical function and its submaneuvers at diagnosis but not at allo-HSCT were significantly associated with inferior survival. In particular, since the direction of change varied between patients, we found that patients whose physical function improved before allo-HSCT were more likely to survive longer than those with persistently impaired SPPB (55.6% vs. 28.6%, p=0.268). Finally, persistent impairment in SPPB (28.6% vs. 65.9%, p=0.006), tandem stand (0% vs. 63.3%, p=0.012), sit-and-stand (41.2% vs. 70.6%, p=0.009), and gait speed (38.5% vs. 68.4%, p=0.027) further strongly predicted inferior survival.This study showed that IC courses can induce dynamic changes in different directions in the GA domains of each patient and that changes in objectively measured physical function can predict transplant outcomes.Keywords:
Affect
Summary Over time, autobiographical memories demonstrate fixed affect (i.e., maintain initial affect), fading affect, flourishing affect (i.e., increased affect), or flexible affect (i.e., change from unpleasant to pleasant or vice versa). Walker and Skowronski argued that events low in initial pleasantness are more likely to exhibit flourishing affect and flexible affect and that unpleasant events are more likely to demonstrate flexible affect than pleasant events. However, because of the low frequency of flourishing affect and flexible affect events in individual studies, research had not examined differences between these event categories. The present study examined initial pleasantness ratings for fading affect, fixed affect, flourishing affect, and flexible affect events across four published studies. We expected and generally found lower initial pleasantness for flourishing affect and flexible affect events than for fading affect and fixed affect events. Implications are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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In this paper, we suggest that affect meets the traditional definition of "cognition" such that the affect-cognition distinction is phenomenological, rather than ontological. We review how the affect-cognition distinction is not respected in the human brain, and discuss the neural mechanisms by which affect influences sensory processing. As a result of this sensory modulation, affect performs several basic "cognitive" functions. Affect appears to be necessary for normal conscious experience, language fluency, and memory. Finally, we suggest that understanding the differences between affect and cognition will require systematic study of how the phenomenological distinction characterising the two comes about, and why such a distinction is functional.
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The company can build the trust relationship with employee through High involvement work system,and then affect the innovation performance.But we find that the trust can divide into cognition affect and affecttrust.The relationship between cognition trust and innovation performance is invert u,which is also moderated bydistribution justice.In the other hand,affect trust can affect the innovation performance.High involvement worksystem can affect the innovation performance through affect trust.In the study,we find that hr practice based on af-fect can is not moderated by distribution justice,and can be used in more situations.
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Three experiments tested the hypothesis that need for affect and need for cognition influence receptivity to affect- and cognition-based persuasive messages. Experiment 1 found that an affective message elicited more positive attitudes among individuals high in need for affect and low in need for cognition, whereas a cognitive message elicited more positive attitudes among individuals low in need for affect and high in need for cognition. Experiment 2 found that individual differences in need for affect influenced receptivity to an affect-based (but not cognition-based) message, whereas individual differences in need for cognition influenced receptivity to a cognition-based (but not affect-based) message. Experiment 3 found that individual differences in need for affect were associated with increased recognition of information from an affect-based (but not cognition-based) message, whereas individual differences in need for cognition were associated with increased recognition of information from a cognition-based (but not affect-based) message. Overall, the studies point to the importance of individual differences in need for affect and need for cognition in understanding how individuals respond to different types of persuasive messages.
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The present chapter analyzes relations between affect and health behaviors from the perspective of the action control model of affect regulation. It presents evidence that forming if-then plans or implementation intentions can emancipate health actions from unwanted influence by three kinds of affect—experienced affect, anticipated affect, and implicit affect. For each of these kinds of affect, it demonstrates that emancipation can be achieved in two ways—either by directly targeting the affect itself so as to undermine the strength of the affective response, or by targeting the relationship between affect and health behavior so that the translation of affect into action is reduced or blocked. It concludes that the impact of affect on health decisions and actions is not inevitable: affective influence can be modulated effectively using if-then plans.
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Research has demonstrated that two types of affect have an influence on judgment and decision making: incidental affect (affect unrelated to a judgment or decision such as a mood) and integral affect (affect that is part of the perceiver's internal representation of the option or target under consideration). So far, these two lines of research have seldom crossed so that knowledge concerning their combined effects is largely missing. To fill this gap, the present review highlights differences and similarities between integral and incidental affect. Further, common and unique mechanisms that enable these two types of affect to influence judgment and choices are identified. Finally, some basic principles for affect integration when the two sources co-occur are outlined. These principles are discussed in relation to existing work that has focused on incidental or integral affect but not both.
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