A Study on the Influence of Different Ethanol Blending Ratios in Diesel Fuel on the Spray Characteristic
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Spray macroscopic features are among the variables that have a direct impact on both engine performance and engine design, and they significantly affect the ignition and emission parameters of diesel engines. In this work, experimental procedures in a constant volume chamber that replicated conditions similar to those seen in diesel engines were used to determine how the addition of ethanol in diesel fuel affected the spray processes. The experimental design matrix was established by altering the proportion of ethanol added, pressure of injection, and also ambient pressure. The injection pressure is set to 50, 80 and 110 MPa, while the injection duration is fixed to 1600μs, moreover the ambient pressure inside the chamber is varied to 1.5 MPa and 3 MPa. Within these parameters, the consequences of the diesel and ethanol (DE) blending ratio on the spray macroscopic feature is emphasized. This influence is assessed by adjusting the blending ratio to 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, in order to observe its effects on the macroscopic characteristics of the spray. The spray evolution is analyzed through captured images taken from high-speed camera with the aid of shadowgraph optical method which utilizes two concave mirrors. Investigations are conducted into the spray formation, spray cone angle, spray penetration length, and spray area behaviors. The results indicate that ethanol in diesel affects the spray's macroscopic characteristics. The increase in ethanol content in diesel alters the fuel's physicochemical properties, resulting in a reduction not only in kinematic viscosity but also surface tension, thereby modifying the spray's macroscopic features. Consequently, the average spray penetration length is reduced, ranging from a minimum of 3% on DE10 to a maximum of 17% on DE30 under a 1.5 MPa ambient pressure and 50 MPa of injection pressure. Meanwhile, a broader spray cone angle is demonstrated, with the average difference ranging from 9º to 11º compared to pure diesel. Furthermore, slight variations in the spray area values are observed across all tested fuels, as the spray area is influenced not only by the spray penetration but also by the spray cone angles, with the largest differences exhibited by DE30, showing a 16% difference compared to D100. A thorough discussion of the mechanism underlying these events will be provided.Keywords:
Spray characteristics
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To find out the differences of the spray characteristics of ethanol,diesel and ethanol-diesel blended fuels,the properties of the ethanol-diesel blended fuel were obtained through experiments and empirical calculation.The Wave-KH breakup sub-model considering the blended fuel properties was embedded in KIVA-3V code.The simulation is in good agreement with the experiments.The research work shows that the penetration length of ethanol and the blended fuels is shorter than that of diesel but the spray cone angle of the ethanol is larger.Compared with diesel,the spray of ethanol has a lager distribution and ethanol has a better mixing with air.
Spray characteristics
Penetration (warfare)
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