Evaluating Elements of the Care Partner Experience in Individuals Who Care for People with Alzheimer's Disease Across the Severity Spectrum
Leigh F. CallahanBrian SamsellDana DiBenedettiTerry FrangiosaChristina SlotaVirginia BiggarRuss PaulsenDebra LappinWilliam L. HerringCarla DeMuro
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Abstract:
Non-professional care partners play an important and often evolving role in the care of persons living with Alzheimer’s disease (PLWAD). We investigated two elements of the care partner experience, namely time and strain incurred by care partners providing care to PLWAD across the severity spectrum. Data gathered from the Alzheimer’s Disease Patient and Caregiver Engagement (AD PACE) What Matters Most (WMM) study series were analyzed to determine how much time care partners spent providing care to PLWAD based on where the care recipients lived. Additionally, quantitative assessments of weekly hours providing care and the strain experienced by care partners were conducted using the UsAgainstAlzheimer’s A-LIST Insights Series survey, which included the Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI). Finally, a targeted literature review was conducted to contextualize findings and characterize the existing literature landscape. Care partners in the AD PACE WMM studies (n = 139) spent significantly more hours providing care for recipients who lived with someone (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 57.3 ± 44.3 h/week) than for recipients who lived alone (26.0 ± 12.0 h/week) (P = 0.0096) or lived in assisted living/nursing home (23.6 ± 14.4 h/week) (P = 0.0002). In the A-LIST Insights Series survey, care partners provided an overall mean (± SD) 58.1 ± 53.0 h of direct care each week, with caregiving hours increasing with increasing severity of AD/AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD). Additionally, care partners for recipients with mild (n = 14), moderate (n = 111), and severe AD/ADRD (n = 91) had overall mean MCSI scores of 9.0 ± 3.8 (range 2–14), 13.3 ± 4.8 (range 4–23), and 17.5 ± 5.3 (range 4–26), respectively, with higher scores suggesting greater care partner strain. Persons living with AD require increasing levels of care along the spectrum of disease, and even individuals with early disease need care from partners. Early interventions that slow progression of AD and programs that improve family function may have beneficial impact on the experiences of care partners for recipients with mild, moderate, or severe AD.Keywords:
Pace
With keeping pace with the times,Marxism shows great vigor and power.And those outstanding Marxists advance the development of Marxism by sticking to keeping pace with the times.TheThree Representsis another brilliant example of Marxism in keeping pace with the times.We should try to explore howto grasp and stick to the spirit of keeping pace with the times in practice.
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Carry through three representations lies in insisting pace with the time, keeping pace with the is the all theories and the characteristic of period which our work must show on, taking hold of law and do well creating, We should bring the work of quitting and retiring a new situation, we must do the following well: insisting the new idea of pace with the time, making the old comrades' political treatment specific, the spirit state pace with the time and widening the new way in the field of thought and political work, helping forward the spirit of pace with the time strongly, renewing the service concept that regarding persons as core continuously.
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Pace of play is an important characteristic in hockey as well as other team sports. We provide the first comprehensive study of pace within the sport of hockey, focusing on how teams and players impact pace in different regions of the ice, and the resultant effect on other aspects of the game. First we examined how pace of play varies across the surface of the rink, across different periods, at different manpower situations, between different professional leagues, and through time between seasons. Our analysis of pace by zone helps to explain some of the counter-intuitive results reported in prior studies. For instance, we show that the negative correlation between attacking speed and shots/goals is likely due to a large decline in attacking speed in the OZ. We also studied how pace impacts the outcomes of various events. We found that pace is positively-correlated with both high-danger zone entries (e.g. odd-man rushes) and higher shot quality. However, we find that passes with failed receptions occur at higher speeds than successful receptions. These findings suggest that increased pace is beneficial, but perhaps only up to a certain extent. Higher pace can create breakdowns in defensive structure and lead to better scoring chances but can also lead to more turnovers. Finally, we analyzed team and player-level pace in the NHL, highlighting the considerable variability in how teams and players attack and defend against pace. Taken together, our results demonstrate that measures of team-level pace derived from spatio-temporal data are informative metrics in hockey and should prove useful in other team sports.
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Marxism has the nature of keeping pace with the times. Seen from the history of Marxism, keeping pace with the times is the major feature; seen from the inner need of Marxism, keeping pace with the times is the essential nature; seen from the development of Marxism, keeping pace with the times is the inevitable requirement; seen from historic mission, keeping pace with the times is the eternal theme.
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Under the guidance of the report of the Party's 16th Congress, the author expounds that Marxism is a scientific theory keeping pace with the times from the following three aspects: Marxism is the crystallization of a scientific theory keeping pace with the times, keeping pace with the times is one essential attribute of Marxism and the inner law of developing Marxism.
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PACE is the measurement of an autho's ability to generate new words as the length of his manuscript increases It is the ratio of Types to Tokens Pace = 1 /TT ratio As it turns out Pace is a strong indicator of an author's development exhibiting immaturity, maturity and finally decline, when studied against a canon sized sample, such as Marlowe's or Shakespeare's Moreover Pace appears to be independent of textual length and even of genre, within obvious limitations, contrary to the expectations of Muller's calculations In this study of Marlowe's and Skakespeare's works, Marlowe's Pace is shown to be superior to Shakespeare's
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Keeping pace with the times-- the key in Marxism,the essay not only stated briefly in three ways,but also stated on how to stick tokeeping pace with the times and developing marxism.
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The internal relations between 搆eep pace with the times?and the 揟hree Represents?should be acknowledged, in the basic commander standpoint of the 揝peech on July1st? Marxism-Leninism is the science developing with the times. It is put forward that the thoughts of keeping pace with the times should be the main condition for cadres of colleges and universities. The cadres personnel system reform should be accelerated and deepened according to the spirit of the 揟hree Represents?
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Pace of play is an important characteristic in hockey as well as other team sports. We provide the first comprehensive study of pace within the sport of hockey, focusing on how teams and players impact pace in different regions of the ice, and the resultant effect on other aspects of the game.
First we examined how pace of play varies across the surface of the rink, across different periods, at different manpower situations, between different professional leagues, and through time between seasons. Our analysis of pace by zone helps to explain some of the counter-intuitive results reported in prior studies. For instance, we show that the negative correlation between attacking speed and shots/goals is likely due to a large decline in attacking speed in the OZ.
We also studied how pace impacts the outcomes of various events. We found that pace is positively-correlated with both high-danger zone entries (e.g. odd-man rushes) and higher shot quality. However, we find that passes with failed receptions occur at higher speeds than successful receptions. These findings suggest that increased pace is beneficial, but perhaps only up to a certain extent. Higher pace can create breakdowns in defensive structure and lead to better scoring chances but can also lead to more turnovers.
Finally, we analyzed team and player-level pace in the NHL, highlighting the considerable variability in how teams and players attack and defend against pace. Taken together, our results demonstrate that measures of team-level pace derived from spatio-temporal data are informative metrics in hockey and should prove useful in other team sports.
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The 16th Report of CPC made by comrade JIANG Ze-min imbues with the spirit of keeping pace with the times and innovation,and embodies the innovation of the party's ideology, system and mechanism,and the construction of the party,and is the excellent example of keeping pace with the times. In his report comrade JIANG Ze-min not merely regards keeping pace with the times as essence, but also elaborates the connotation profoundly and proposes creatively a series of new ideas,concepts and policies,embodying the essence of keeping pace with the times.
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