Assessment of critical gaps in prevention, control, and response to major bacterial, viral, and protozoal infectious diseases at the human, animal, and environmental interface
Muhammed S. MuyyarikkandyKalmia E. KnielWilliam A. BowerAntónio R. VieiraMaría E. NegrónSiddhartha Thakur
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Pandemic
Emerging infectious disease
Emerging infectious disease
Virus diseases
Ranavirus
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Abstract When a newly emerging infectious disease breaks out in a country, it brings critical damage to both human health conditions and the national economy. For this reason, apprehending which disease will newly emerge, and preparing countermeasures for that disease, are required. Many different types of infectious diseases are emerging and threatening global human health conditions. For this reason, the detection of emerging infectious disease pattern is critical. However, as the epidemic spread of infectious disease occurs sporadically and rapidly, it is not easy to predict whether an infectious disease will emerge or not. Furthermore, accumulating data related to a specific infectious disease is not easy. For these reasons, finding useful data and building a prediction model with these data is required. The Internet press releases numerous articles every day that rapidly reflect currently pending issues. Thus, in this research, we accumulated Internet articles from Medisys that were related to infectious disease, to see if news data could be used to predict infectious disease outbreak. Articles related to infectious disease from January to December 2019 were collected. In this study, we evaluated if newly emerging infectious diseases could be detected using the news article data. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Semi-supervised Learning (SSL), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) were used for prediction to examine the use of information embedded in the web articles: and to detect the pattern of emerging infectious disease.
Emerging infectious disease
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The emerging infectious disease is the unwanted situation in public health. However, there are several new emerging infectious diseases within the past decade. The consideration on the worldwide outbreak of the new emerging infectious disease is set. An interesting point is the trend of bioterrorism using the new emerging infectious pathogen. This topic will be further discussed in this editorial.
Emerging infectious disease
Biological Warfare
Biodefense
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Emerging infectious disease is one of the most important disasters in the history of human, and the key point is how to prevent it happen. This paper analyze the basic condition, trends number of Events, death and Affected of people of emerging infectious disease in last century. We can draw some conclusions based on that in order to serve how to take some prevent measure in the future.
Emerging infectious disease
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SUMMARY In February 2007 an outbreak of Nipah virus (NiV) encephalitis in Thakurgaon District of northwest Bangladesh affected seven people, three of whom died. All subsequent cases developed illness 7–14 days after close physical contact with the index case while he was ill. Cases were more likely than controls to have been in the same room (100% vs . 9·5%, OR undefined, P <0·001) and to have touched him (83% vs . 0%, OR undefined, P <0·001). Although the source of infection for the index case was not identified, 50% of Pteropus bats sampled from near the outbreak area 1 month after the outbreak had antibodies to NiV confirming the presence of the virus in the area. The outbreak was spread by person-to-person transmission. Risk of NiV infection in family caregivers highlights the need for infection control practices to limit transmission of potentially infectious body secretions.
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In 2005, World Health Organization member countries agreed to the revised International Health Regulations which require countries to detect, report, and respond to any event that may represent a public health emergency of international concern. Forecasting the risk posed by hazards, including incidents in animal populations, requires an intelligence-based approach. We propose an emerging infectious disease intelligence framework informed by literature from the fields of surveillance, epidemic intelligence, and military intelligence. This framework highlights the need for situational awareness and can be used to assess emerging infectious disease intelligence capacity in lower resource settings. To illustrate the utility of this framework we applied it to the Infectious Disease Surveillance and Analysis System, a mobile phone-based surveillance pilot project supplementing diagnostic laboratory-based surveillance in Sri Lanka. Application of the framework was feasible and useful in illuminating the strengths and deficits in the current surveillance infrastructure in Sri Lanka for emerging infectious disease early warning. The approach also demonstrated how a mobile phoned-based system could improve Sri Lanka’s emerging infectious disease intelligence capabilities. Finally, the framework allowed us to recommend steps to take in order to strengthen Sri Lanka’s emerging infectious disease early warning capacity, enabling more timely and complete identification of events in the animal population that could pose a human health risk.
International Health Regulations
Emerging infectious disease
Disease Surveillance
Situation Awareness
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Berlin—Germany is stepping up its infectious-disease surveillance systems, and it has enlisted the venerable Koch Institute to investigate outbreaks when local authorities ask for help. The government is reorienting the institute toward epidemiology and applied research, and it will be the focal point for keeping track of emerging and re-emerging infections.
Emerging infectious disease
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Evolution of a laboratory based system for investigating outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease.
In 1995 Preston Public Health Laboratory introduced an incident logging system intended to improve the investigation of suspected outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease. A unique incident log (Ilog) number assigned and issued to the reporting individual and other interested parties when the laboratory is informed of a potential outbreak is used to identify all associated specimens submitted to the laboratory and is quoted in all communications about the incident. The results are reviewed formally each month. Between January 1995 and December 1998, 349 potential outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease were investigated, 325 of which were considered to be general outbreaks. Small round structured viruses were identified in 45% of these outbreaks, salmonellas in 8%, and no pathogens in 35%. Data from the national surveillance scheme for general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease included 104 general outbreaks in 1996 and 1997 for the entire North West region, but our laboratory alone reported 184 general outbreaks during that period. The Ilog system is a simple and effective means for reviewing data from outbreaks, and helps to coordinate their investigation.
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