Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) and Collagen11A1(COL11A1) as diagnostic biomarkers in Breast, colorectal and gastric cancers
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Background: By considering the high incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer (CRC), finding the noninvasive biomarker for detection of patients with cancer is the main purpose of more and more cancer studies. Methods: In this research, the expression level of miR-135b in serum and stool of patients with colorectal cancer was investigated as a diagnostic marker. Using the real-time PCR, the relative expression level of miR-135b in serum and stool in 40 patients with colorectal cancer, paired with 40 healthy controls, was determined. Then its sensitivity and specificity were rated, via ROC curves analysis. Results: Expression levels of miR-135b in serum and stool of CRC patients were 32.4 and 15.7 times higher in serum and stool, compared to that of healthy control respectively (P<0.05). ROC curves analysis exhibited that serum miR-135b levels were powerful in detecting CRC patients from control subjects, with a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 89.7% (AUC: 0.929). In addition, stool miR-135b levels strongly distinguished CRC patients from control subjects with a sensitivity of 92.7% and a specificity of 87.2% (AUC: 0.919). Conclusions: The results of the current study indicate that serum and stool miR-135b expression levels seem to be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients. However further studies with large sample size are needed for approving the miR-135b as a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker of CRC.
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Diagnosis using a biomarker is a faster and cheaper than brain imaging. Diagnostic biomarkers are chosen based on the characteristics of the disease, specificity, sensitivity, and stability during all disease stages. For this reason, previous candidates with insoluble form in a pathophysiological stage are not useful as biomarkers for the early stage of a neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we explored the possibility of using soluble proteins in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, or other peripheral materials as diagnostic biomarkers, in particular, the availability of soluble neuregulin-1 in blood.
neuregulin 1
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Biomarker Discovery
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Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several biomarkers have been proposed to assess the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. The present systematic review evaluated endocan (a marker of endothelial cell damage) as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for studies comparing circulating endocan levels between COVID-19 cases and controls, and/or different severities/complications of COVID-19. Eight studies (686 individuals) were included, from which four reported significantly higher levels of endocan in COVID-19 cases compared with healthy controls. More severe disease was also associated with higher endocan levels in some of the studies. Studies reported higher endocan levels in patients who died from COVID-19, were admitted to an intensive care unit, and had COVID-19-related complications. Endocan also acted as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker with different cut-offs. In conclusion, endocan could be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for COVID-19. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to evaluate this role of endocan.
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
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Copeptin
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The trisomy of human chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), sometimes known as congenital folly's syndrome. The survivors show apparent mental impairment, unusual facial traits, growth and development abnormalities, and various deformities, with 60 percent of the infants having miscarriages in the early stages of the fetus. Plasma micRNA (miRNA) is a new diagnostic biomarker for DS; however, its significance in first-trimester maternal plasma is unknown. As a result, the purpose of this study is to assess the diagnostic significance of the biomarker miRNA in first-trimester maternal plasma for DS.From January 2014 until the present, blood samples were obtained from pregnant women who visited our hospital. This study included 20 eligible DS pregnancies and 20 normal pregnant women. We looked at the differential miRNA expression profile in DS maternal plasma from the first and second trimesters using miRNA microarrays. Bioinformatics technology was used to compare the particular miRNA in DS maternal plasma from the first and second trimesters and screen the miRNA co-expressed in DS maternal plasma. Meanwhile, the expression level of chosen miRNAs was verified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).This study aims to see how useful the diagnostic biomarker miRNA in first-trimester maternal plasma is for diagnosing DS. The findings of this investigation will provide clinical evidence for the discovery of a new diagnostic biomarker miRNA in first-trimester maternal plasma for DS diagnosis.DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/R49FT.
Trisomy
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Clinical Significance
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Diagnostic biomarker
Serum concentration
Matrix metalloproteinase 9
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アルツハイマー型認知症（AD）は"ありふれた疾患"と位置づけられている．現在ADの根本治療薬の開発が急速な勢いで進展中であり，ADの早期診断マーカーの開発が期待されている．本稿では，ADの早期診断マーカー研究の現状と展望を述べる．ADの早期診断マーカーの役割として2つあると考えられる．より確定診断に役立つもの，スクリーニングに役立つもの2つである．より確定診断に役立つバイオマーカーとして単独では，髄液中リン酸化タウ蛋白の測定がもっとも信頼性が高いと考えられる．スクリーニング検査としてはタッチパネル式コンピューターをもちいた認知症の簡易スクリーニング検査法（物忘れ相談プログラム，日本光電社製）が有用と考えられる．ADの早期診断マーカーの今後の展望として血液で測定可能なものが期待される．われわれのグループはWGA結合トランスフェリンを血液中で測定し，ADとコントロール間で有意差をみとめ，さらにアミロイドβ蛋白より先行する変化であることをみとめた．今後，血液中のバイオマーカーとして期待される．
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in cardiac development, and the expression of miRNAs is altered in the diseased heart. The aim of this study was to explore the value of circulating microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p) as a potential biomarker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Plasma samples from 50 patients with AMI and 39 healthy adults (non-AMI controls) were collected. The abundance of circulating miR-122-5p was measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The cTnI concentrations of these samples were analyzed by ELISA.Our findings revealed that circulating miR-122-5p expression were increased in AMI patients at 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h by contrast to those non-AMI controls and displayed similar trends to that of cTnI concentrations in AMI patients. Further study showed that there is a high correlation between circulating miR-122-5p and cTnI concentrations. At last, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed and showed that circulating miR-122-5p had considerable diagnostic accuracy for AMI with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.855.Our results implied that circulating miR-122-5p could be a potential biomarker for AMI.
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Objective Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder ( BD ) are limited by the absence of available laboratory tests. We aimed to combine data from different molecular levels and tissues into a composite diagnostic and state biomarker. Methods Expression levels of 19 candidate genes in peripheral blood, plasma levels of BDNF , NT ‐3, IL ‐6 and IL ‐18, leukocyte counts, and urinary markers of oxidative damage to DNA and RNA were measured in 37 adult rapid‐cycling patients with BD in different affective states during a 6‐ to 12‐month period and in 40 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals in a longitudinal, repeated measures design comprising a total of 211 samples. A composite biomarker was constructed using data‐driven variable selection. Results The composite biomarker discriminated between patients with BD and healthy control individuals with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( AUC ) of 0.83 and a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 71% corresponding with a moderately accurate test. Discrimination between manic and depressive states had a moderate accuracy, with an AUC of 0.82 and a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 40%. Conclusion Combining individual biomarkers across tissues and molecular systems could be a promising avenue for research in biomarker models in BD .
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Molecular biomarkers
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